of larger
size than the rest, and standing, as in that manuscript, a
little to the left of the column. The Ammonian sections stand in
the margin, but without the Eusebian canons. The gospels were
preceded by the list of _titles_, or larger sections, of which
those of Luke and John alone are preserved. The titles and
subscriptions are short and simple. The date of the manuscript
is supposed to be the first half of the fifth century. It has
undergone corrections at the hand of at least two persons,
possibly a third. These can be readily distinguished from the
original writing. The critical authority of this codex is very
high. Tregelles (in Horne, vol. 4, chap. 13) places it next to
the Vatican manuscript.

A few words on its history. About the thirteenth century, being
regarded as a worn-out and obsolete manuscript, the vellum on
which it was written was taken for a new purpose, that of
receiving the Greek works of Ephraem the Syrian saint, a
celebrated theologian of the old Syrian church, who flourished
in the fourth century. "For this purpose the leaves were taken
promiscuously, without any regard to their proper original
order, and sewed together at hap-hazard, sometimes top end down,
and front side behind, just as if they had been mere blanks, the
sermons of Ephraem being the only matter regarded in the book."
Stowe, Hist. of the Books of the Bible, p. 75. In the latter
part of the seventeenth century, Allix first observed the older
writing under the works of Ephraem. It was very illegible, but a
chemical preparation applied in 1834-5 revivified it to a
certain extent. It has been diligently collated by eminent
scholars, and in 1842 Tischendorf printed an edition of it page
for page and line for line. Of the two hundred and nine leaves
contained in this manuscript, one hundred and forty-five belong
to the New Testament, containing not quite two-thirds of the
sacred text. The order of the books is the same as in the
Alexandrine codex. _See No. (4), PLATE III_.

Besides the abovenamed four manuscripts, a few others may be briefly
noticed.

An interesting palimpsest of great critical value is the _Codex
Dublinensis rescriptus_, _Dublin palimpsest manuscript_, in the
library of Trinity College, Dublin, designated by the letter Z.
It contains with other writings thirty-tw