e organized the Alpine Brigade, fought at
Palestro at the head of the 4th Division, and in the following year
invaded the Marches, won the battle of Castelfidardo, took Ancona, and
subsequently directed the siege of Gaeta. For these services he was
created duke of Gaeta by the king, and was assigned a pension of 10,000
lire by parliament. In 1861 his intervention envenomed the
Cavour-Garibaldi dispute, royal mediation alone preventing a duel
between him and Garibaldi. Placed in command of the troops sent to
oppose the Garibaldian expedition of 1862, he defeated Garibaldi at
Aspromonte. Between 1862 and 1866 he held the position of
lieutenant-royal at Naples, and in 1864 was created senator. On the
outbreak of the war of 1866 he resumed command of an army corps, but
dissensions between him and La Marmora prejudiced the issue of the
campaign and contributed to the defeat of Custozza. After the war he
refused the command of the General Staff, which he wished to render
independent of the war office. In 1867 he attempted unsuccessfully to
form a cabinet sufficiently strong to prevent the threatened Garibaldian
incursion into the papal states, and two years later failed in a similar
attempt, through disagreement with Lanza concerning the army estimates.
On the 3rd of August 1870 he pleaded in favour of Italian intervention
in aid of France, a circumstance which enhanced his influence when in
July 1876 he replaced Nigra as ambassador to the French Republic. This
position he held until 1882, when he resigned on account of the
publication by Mancini of a despatch in which he had complained of
arrogant treatment by M. Waddington. He died at Leghorn, on the 8th of
September 1892. (H. W. S.)

CIBBER (or CIBERT), CAIUS GABRIEL (1630-1700), Danish sculptor, was born
at Flensburg. He was the son of the king's cabinetmaker, and was sent to
Rome at the royal charge while yet a youth. He came to England during
the Protectorate, or during the first years of the Restoration. Besides
the famous statues of Melancholy and Raving Madness ("great Cibber's
brazen brainless brothers"), now at South Kensington, Cibber produced
the bas-reliefs round the monument on Fish Street Hill. The several
kings of England and the Sir Thomas Gresham executed by him for the
Royal Exchange were destroyed with the building itself in 1838. Cibber
was long employed by the fourth earl of Devonshire, and many fine
specimens of his work are to be seen at Chat