te the
works of Winckelmann and D'Agincourt, and is illustrated with 180 plates
in outline. In 1814, on the fall of Napoleon, Cicognara was patronized
by Francis I. of Austria, and published (1815-1820), under the auspices
of that sovereign, his _Fabbriche piu cospicue di Venezia_, two superb
folios, containing some 150 plates. Charged by the Venetians with the
presentation of their gifts to the empress Caroline at Vienna, Cicognara
added to the offering an illustrated catalogue of the objects it
comprised; this book, _Omaggio delle Provincie Venete alla maesta di
Carolina Augusta_, has since become of great value to the bibliophilist.
Reduced to poverty by these splendid editorial speculations, Cicognara
contrived to alienate the imperial favour by his political opinions. He
left Venice for Rome; his library was offered for sale; and in 1821 he
published at Pisa a _catalogue raisonne_, rich in bibliographical lore,
of this fine collection, the result of thirty years of loving labour,
which in 1824 was purchased _en bloc_ by Pope Leo XII., and added to the
Vatican library. The other works of Cicognara are--the _Memorie storiche
de' litterati ed artisti Ferraresi_ (1811); the _Vite de' piu insigni
pittori e sculiori Ferraresi_, MS.; the _Memorie spettanti alla storia
della calcografia_ (1831); and a large number of dissertations on
painting, sculpture, engraving and other kindred subjects. (See Papoli,
in No. II of the _Exile_, a print written and published by Italian
refugees.) Cicognara's work in the academy at Venice, of which he became
president in 1808, had important results in the increase in number of
the professors, the improvement in the courses of study, the institution
of prizes, and the foundation of a gallery for the reception of Venetian
pictures. He died on the 5th of March 1834.

See Zanetti, _Cenni biografici di Leopoldo Cicognara_ (Venice, 1834);
Malmani, _Memorie del conte Leopoldo Cicognara_ (Venice, 1888).

CID, THE, the favourite hero of Spain, and the most prominent figure in
her literature. The name, however, is so obscured by myth and fable as
scarcely to belong to history. So extravagant are the deeds ascribed to
him, and so marvellous the attributes with which he has been clothed by
the fond idolatry of his countrymen, that by some he has been classed
with the Amadises and the Orlandos whose exploits he emulated. The
Jesuit Masdeu stoutly denies that he had any real existence, and thi