ctories; and the National
government has done much to sustain this commerce by deepening and
lighting the channel. Formerly there was considerable commerce with Lake
Erie by way of the Miami & Erie Canal to Toledo; the canal was completed
in 1830 and has never been entirely abandoned.

_Industries._--Although the second city in population in the state,
Cincinnati ranked first in 1900 as a manufacturing centre, but lost this
pre-eminence to Cleveland in 1905, when the value of Cincinnati's
factory product was $166,059,050, an increase of 17.2% over the figures
for 1900. In the manufacture of vehicles, harness, leather, hardwood
lumber, wood-working machinery, machine tools, printing ink, soap,
pig-iron, malt liquors, whisky, shoes, clothing, cigars and tobacco,
furniture, cooperage goods, iron and steel safes and vaults, and pianos,
also in the packing of meat, especially pork,[4] it ranks very high
among the cities of the Union. The well-known and beautiful Rookwood
ware has been made in Cincinnati since 1880, at the Rookwood Pottery (on
Mt. Adams), founded by Mrs Bellamy (Maria Longworth) Storer, named from
her father's home near the city, the first American pottery to devote
exclusive attention to art ware. The earlier wares were yellow, brown
and red; then came deep greens and blues, followed by mat glazes and by
"vellum" ware (first exhibited in 1904), a lustreless pottery,
resembling old parchment, with its decoration painted or modelled or
both. The clays used are exclusively American, much being obtained in
Missouri. Among the more important manufactures of the city in 1905 were
the following, with the value of the product for that year: clothing
($16,972,484), slaughtering and meat-packing products ($13,446,202),
foundry and machine-shop products ($11,528,768), boots and shoes
($10,596,928), distilled liquors ($9,609,826), malt liquors
($7,702,693), and carriages and wagons ($6,323,803).[5]

_History._--Cincinnati was founded by some of the first settlers in that
part of the North-West Territory which afterwards became the state of
Ohio. It lies on part of the land purchased for himself and others by
John Cleves Symmes (1742-1814) from the United States government in
1788, and the settlement was established near the close of the same year
by immigrants chiefly from New Jersey and Kentucky. When the town was
laid out early in 1789, John Filson, one of the founders, named it
Losantiville (L for Licking; _os_, Lat