8; (1900) 325,902, of whom
197,896 were of foreign parentage (i.e. either their fathers or mothers
or both were foreign-born), 57,961 were foreign-born, and 14,482 were
negroes; (1910) 363,591. The German is by far the most important of the
foreign elements. In addition to the large number of inhabitants of
German descent, there were, in 1900, 107,152 of German parentage, and of
the foreign-born 38,219 came from Germany.

Cincinnati is situated on the N. side of the river upon two terraces or
plateaus--the first about 60 ft., the second from 100 to 150 ft., above
low water--and upon hills which enclose these terraces on three sides in
the form of an amphitheatre, rising to a height of about 400 ft. on the
E. and of about 460 ft. on the W., and commanding magnificent views of
the river, the valley, the numerous suburbs, and the more distant wooded
hills. About half of the hill-enclosed plain lies S. of the river, and
it is upon this southern half that Covington, Newport, Dayton, Ludlow
and other Kentucky suburbs of Cincinnati are situated. Cincinnati has a
river-frontage of about 14 m., extends back about 6 m. on the W. side in
the valley of Mill Creek, and occupies a total area of about 44 sq. m.
Since 1867 it has been connected with Covington by a wire suspension
bridge designed by John A. Roebling, and rebuilt and enlarged in 1897.
This bridge is 1057 ft. long between towers (or, including the
approaches, 2252 ft. long), with a height of 101 ft. above low water,
and has a double wagon road and two ways for pedestrians. By two bridges
there is direct communication with Newport; by one, that of the
Cincinnati Southern railway, with Ludlow; and by one (Chesapeake & Ohio;
see vol. v., p. 109) with West Covington. On the terraces the streets
generally intersect at right angles, but on the hills their directions
are irregular. To the "bottoms" (which have suffered much from
floods[2]) between Third Street and the river the manufacturing and
wholesale districts are for the most part confined, although many of
these interests are now on the higher levels or in the suburbs; the
principal retail houses are on the higher levels N. of Third Street, and
the handsomest residences are on the picturesque hills before mentioned,
in those parts of the city, formerly separate villages, known as
Avondale, Mt. Auburn, Clifton, Price Hill, Walnut Hills and Mt. Lookout.
The main part of the city is connected with these residential districts