of July
for the later kinds.

Towards the end of July the plants will need feeding at the roots with
weak liquid manure, varied occasionally by a very slight dusting of
soluble chemical manure such as guano. The soil should be moderately
moist when manure is given. In order that the flowers may be of good
form, all lateral flower buds should be removed as soon as they are
large enough to handle, leaving only the bud terminating each shoot.
Towards the end of September--earlier should the weather prove wet and
cold--remove the plants to well-ventilated greenhouses where they are
intended to flower. Feeding should be continued until the flowers are
nearly half open, when it may be gradually reduced. The large
mop-headed blooms seen at exhibitions in November are grown in the way
described, but only one or two shoots are allowed to develop on a
plant, each shoot eventually having only one bloom.

The chrysanthemum is subject to the attack of black aphis and
green-fly. These pests may be destroyed, out of doors, by syringing
with quassia and soft soap solutions, by dusting the affected parts
with tobacco-powder, and indoors also by fumigating. Mildew generally
appears after the plants are housed. It may be destroyed by dusting
the leaves attacked with sublimed sulphur. Rust is a fungoid disease
of recent years. It is best checked by syringing the plants with liver
of sulphur (1 oz. to 3 gallons of water) occasionally, a few weeks
before taking the plants into the greenhouse. Earwigs and slugs must
be trapped and destroyed.

_Flowers for Exhibition._--Flowers of exhibition standard must be as
broad and as deep as the various varieties are capable of producing;
they must be irreproachable in colour. They must also exhibit the form
peculiar to the variety when at its best, very few kinds being
precisely alike in this respect. New varieties are introduced in large
numbers annually, some of which supplant the older kinds. The
cultivator must therefore study the peculiarities of several new kinds
each year if he would be a successful exhibitor.

For lists of varieties, &c. see the catalogues of chrysanthemum
growers, the gardening Press, and the excellent cultural pamphlets
which are published from time to time.

FOOTNOTE:

[1] The Gr. [Greek: chrusanthemon] ([Greek: chrusos], gold, and
[Greek: anthemon], flower) was the herbalists' name for _C.