assailants. A treaty with the nawab of Oudh was signed here
by Warren Hastings on behalf of the East India Company in September
1781.

CHUNCHO, a tribe of South American Indians, living in the forests east
of Cuzco, central Peru. They are a fierce and savage people who have
preserved their independence. They are said to be akin to their
neighbours the Antis. They dwell in communal houses, and live chiefly by
hunting. Chuncho has also been used to describe one of three aboriginal
stocks of Peru, the others being Quichua and Aymara.

CH'UNGK'ING, a city in the province of Szech'uen, China, on the left
bank of the Yangtsze, at its point of junction with the Kialing, in 29 deg.
33' N., and 107 deg. 2' E. It is surrounded by a crenelated stone wall,
which is 5 m. in circumference and is pierced by nine gates. It is the
commercial centre for the trade, not only of Szech'uen, but of all
south-western China. The one highway between Szech'uen and the eastern
provinces is the Yangtsze river route, as owing to the mountainous
nature of the intervening country land transit is almost impracticable.
The import trade brought up by large junks from Ich'ang, and consisting
of cotton cloth, yarn, metals and foreign manufactures, centres here,
and is distributed by a class of smaller vessels up the various rivers
of the provinces. Native produce, such as yellow silk, white wax, hides,
rhubarb, musk and opium, is here collected and repacked for conveyance
to Hankow, Shanghai or other parts of the empire. The city was opened to
foreign trade by convention with the British government in 1891, with
the proviso, however, that foreign steamers should not be at liberty to
trade there until Chinese-owned steamers had succeeded in ascending the
river. This restriction was abolished by the Japanese treaty of 1895,
which declared Ch'ungk'ing open on the same terms as other ports. After
that date the problem of steam navigation on the section of the river
between Ich'ang and Ch'ungk'ing occupied attention. By 1907 a small
steamer had been navigated up the rapids, but it remained a question how
far steam navigation could be made a practical success. The trade was
carried on by native craft, hauled up against the strength of the
current in the worst places by a line of trackers on the bank. The great
rise in the river during the summer months, at Ch'ungk'ing ordinarily 70
ft. and occasionally as much as 96 ft., added to the difficulties. Th