ment of light, colour, and the
phenomena of rainbow, mist and sunset, rendering these plausible and
effective. In their time these paintings awoke the wildest admiration
and sold for extravagant prices, collectors in the United States and in
Europe eagerly seeking them, though their vogue has now passed away. In
1849 Church was made a member of the National Academy of Design. His
"Great Fall at Niagara" (1857) is in the Corcoran Art Gallery,
Washington, D.C., and a large "Twilight" is in the Walters Gallery,
Baltimore, Maryland. Among his other canvases are "Andes of Ecuador"
(1855), "Heart of the Andes" (1859), "Cotopaxi" (1862), "Jerusalem"
(1870), and "Morning in the Tropics" (1877). He died on the 7th of April
1900, at his house on the Hudson river above New York City, where he had
lived and worked for many years. He was the most prominent member of the
so-called "Hudson River School" of American artists.

CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835-1910), American geographer, was born in New
Bedford, Massachusetts, on the 7th of December 1835. He was educated as
a civil engineer, and was early engaged on the Hoosac Tunnel. In 1858 he
joined an exploring expedition to South America. During the American
Civil War he served (1862-1865) in the Army of the Potomac, rising to
the command of a brigade and the rank of colonel; and in 1866-1867 he
was war correspondent of the _New York Herald_ in Mexico. He explored
the Amazon (1868-1879), and gradually became the leading authority on
that region of South America, being appointed United States commissioner
to report on Ecuador in 1880, and visiting Costa Rica in 1895 to report
on its debt and railways. He wrote extensively on South and Central
American geography, and became a vice-president of the Royal
Geographical Society (London), and in 1898 president of the geographical
section of the British Association.

CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784-1873), British military officer and general in
the Greek army, was the son of a Quaker, Matthew Church of Cork. He was
born in 1784, and at the age of sixteen ran away from home and enlisted
in the army. For this violation of its principles he was disowned by the
Society of Friends, but his father bought him a commission, dated the
3rd of July 1800, in the 13th (Somersetshire) Light Infantry. He served
in the demonstration against Ferrol, and in the expedition to Egypt
under Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1801. After the expulsion of the French
from Egy