n against the strictures of Finlay, Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,
and other historians of the war (see _Cam. Mod. Hist._ x. p. 804).
(D. H.)

CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815-1890), English divine, son of John Dearman
Church, brother of Sir Richard Church (q.v.), a merchant, was born at
Lisbon on the 25th of April 1815, his early years being mostly spent at
Florence. After his father's death in 1828 he was sent to a school of a
pronounced evangelical type at Redlands, Bristol, and went in 1833 to
Wadham College, Oxford, then an evangelical college. He took first-class
honours in 1836, and in 1838 was elected fellow of Oriel. One of his
contemporaries, Richard Mitchell, commenting on this election, said:
"There is such a moral beauty about Church that they could not help
taking him." He was appointed tutor of Oriel in 1839, and was ordained
the same year. He was an intimate friend of J.H. Newman at this period,
and closely allied to the Tractarian party. In 1841 No. 90 of _Tracts
for the Times_ appeared, and Church resigned his tutorship. In 1844-1845
he was junior proctor, and in that capacity, in concert with his senior
colleague, vetoed a proposal to censure Tract 90 publicly. In 1846
Church, with others, started _The Guardian_ newspaper, and he was an
early contributor to _The Saturday Review_. In 1850 he became engaged to
Miss H.F. Bennett, of a Somersetshire family, a niece of George Moberly,
bishop of Salisbury. After again holding the tutorship of Oriel, he
accepted in 1852 the small living of Whatley in Somersetshire, near
Frome, and was married in the following year. He was a diligent parish
priest and a serious student, and contributed largely to current
literature. In 1869 he refused a canonry at Worcester, but in 1871 he
accepted, most reluctantly (calling it "a sacrifice _en pure perte_"),
the deanery of St Paul's, to which he was nominated by W.E. Gladstone.

His task as dean was a complicated one. It was (1) the restoration of
the cathedral; (2) the adjustment of the question of the cathedral
revenues with the Ecclesiastical Commissioners; (3) the reorganization
of a conservative cathedral staff with anomalous vested rights. He
described the intention of his appointment to be "that St Paul's should
waken up from its long slumber." The first year that he spent at St
Paul's was, writes one of his friends, one of "misery" for a man who
loved study and quiet and the country, and hated official pomp and
fi