to a forceful and practical application to
the needs of his day and of all time. With his exegetical skill (he was
inferior in pure dogma to Theodore of Mopsuestia) he united a wide
sympathy and a marvellous power of oratory.

The voluminous works of Chrysostom fall into three groups. To the days
of his early desert life is probably to be assigned the treatise _On
Priesthood_, a book full of wise counsel. To the years of his
presbyterate and episcopate belong the great mass of homilies and
commentaries, among which those _On the Statues_, and on _Matthew_,
_Romans_ and _Corinthians_, stand out pre-eminently. His letters belong
to the last years, the time of exile, and with his other works are
valuable sources for the history of his time.

The manuscripts are very numerous, and many of them are of great
antiquity, as are the Syriac and other translations. The best edition
is that of Bernard de Montfaucon in 13 vols. fol. (1718-1738),
reproduced with some improvements by Migne (_Patrol. Graec._
xlvii.-lxiv.); but this edition is greatly indebted to the one issued
more than a century earlier (1612) by Sir Henry Savile, provost of
Eton College, from a press established at Eton by himself, which
Hallam (_Lit. of Europe_, iii. 10, 11) calls "the first work of
learning, on a great scale, published in England." F. Field admirably
edited _S. Matthew_ (Cambridge, 1839) and _Epistles of S. Paul_
(Oxford, 1849-1855). J.A. Bengel's edition of _De Sacerdotio_ (1725)
has been often reprinted (e.g. Leipzig, 1887).

As authorities for the life, the most valuable are the ecclesiastical
histories of Socrates, Sozomen and Theodoret; and amongst the moderns,
Erasmus, Cave, Lardner and Tillemont, with the church history of
Neander, and his monograph on the _Life and Times of Chrysostom_,
translated by J.C. Stapleton. More recent are the lives by W.R.W.
Stephens (London, 1871), R.W. Bush (London, 1885) and A. Peuch (Paris,
1891). F.W. Farrar's romance _Gathering Clouds_ gives a good picture
of the man and his times. For monographs on special points such as
Chrysostom's theological position and his preaching, see the very full
bibliography in E. Preuschen's article in Herzog-Hauck's _Realencyk._
iv.; also A. Harnack, _Hist. of Dogma_, iii. and iv. Some of the
commentaries and homilies are translated in the Oxford Library of the
Fathers.

CHUB (_Leuciscus cephalus_), a fish of the Cyp