with a walrus thong. A
_kamitok_ took place during the latter part of our stay." The Chukchi
are nominally Christians, but sacrifice animals to the spirits of the
rivers and mountains, and also practise Shamanism. In personal habits
the people are indescribably filthy. They are polygamous, but the women
are treated kindly. The children are specially petted, and are so
wrapped up to protect them from the cold that they have been described
as resembling huge balls crossed by a bar, their arms having to remain
outstretched owing to the bulk of their wrappings. Chukchi women are
often tattooed with two black-blue convex lines running from the eye to
the chin. Since their adoption of Christianity the men sometimes have a
Latin cross tattooed on their chins. The Chukchi burn their dead or
expose them on platforms to be devoured by ravens.

See Harry de Windt, _Through the Gold Fields of Alaska to Bering
Strait_ (1898); Dittmar, "Ueber die Koriaken u. ihnen nahe verwandten
Tchouktchen," in _Bul. Acad. Sc._ (St Petersburg), xii. p. 99; Hooper,
_Ten Months among the Tents of the Tuski_; W.H. Dall, _Contributions
to North American Ethnology_, vol. i. (1877).

CHULALONGKORN, PHRA PARAMINDR MAHA (1853-1910), king of Siam, eldest son
of King Maha Mongkut, was born on the 21st of September 1853. His full
signature, used in all important state documents, consists of
twenty-seven names, but it is by the first four that he is usually
known. Educated in his childhood by English teachers, he acquired a good
knowledge of the English language and of Western culture. But his
surroundings were purely oriental, and his boyhood was spent, according
to custom, in a Buddhist monastery. He succeeded to the throne on the
death of his father, 1st October 1868, and was crowned on the 11th of
November following, a ceremony marked by the innovation of permitting
the presence of Europeans. Until his majority in 1873 the government was
carried on by a regent, the young king retiring to a Buddhist monastery,
and later making a tour through India and the Dutch East Indies, an
undertaking until then without precedent among the potentates of eastern
Asia. He had no sooner taken the reins of power than he gave evidence of
his recognition of the importance of modern culture by abolishing
slavery in Siam. He simplified court etiquette, no longer demanding, for
example, that his subjects should approach him on hands and knees. Still
more importa