with altered serpentine. It is
found to a limited extent at Revdinsk, near Ekaterinburg, in the Urals;
and it occurs also in India. It is known, too, at several localities in
North America, notably at Nickel Mount, Douglas county, Oregon, where it
occurs in nickeliferous serpentine.

The chrysoprase of the moderns is certainly not the _chrysoprasius_ of
Pliny, or the [Greek: chrysoprasos] of Greek writers. The ancient stone
was not improbably our chrysoberyl, and it is doubtful whether the
modern chrysoprase was known until a comparatively late period. The
chrysoprase of Kosemuetz, near Frankenstein in Silesia, was discovered in
1740, and used by Frederick the Great in the decoration of the palace of
Sans Souci at Potsdam. But at a much earlier date the Silesian
chrysoprase was used for mural decoration at the Wenzel chapel at
Prague. Chrysoprase was a favourite stone in England at the beginning of
the 19th century, being set round with small brilliants and used for
brooches and rings. At the present time it is said to be regarded by
some as a "lucky stone." Much commercial chrysoprase is chalcedony
artificially stained by impregnation with a green salt of nickel.
(F. W. R.*)

CHRYSOSTOM. St John Chrysostom ([Greek: Chrysostomos], golden-mouthed),
the most famous of the Greek Fathers, was born of a noble family at
Antioch, the capital of Syria, about A.D. 345 or 347. At the school of
Libanius the sophist he gave early indications of his mental powers, and
would have been the successor of his heathen master, had he not been
stolen away, to use the expression of his teacher, to a life of piety
(like Augustine, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Theodoret) by the influence
of his pious mother Anthusa. After his baptism (about 370) by Meletius,
the bishop of Antioch, he gave up all his forensic prospects, and buried
himself in an adjacent desert, where for nearly ten years he spent a
life of ascetic self-denial and theological study, to which he was
introduced by Diodorus, bishop of Tarsus, a famous scholar of the
Antiochene type. Illness, however, compelled him to return to the world;
and the authority of Meletius gained his services to the church. He was
ordained deacon in his thirty-fifth year (381), and afterwards presbyter
(386) at Antioch. On the death of Nectarius he was appointed archbishop
of Constantinople by Eutropius, the favourite minister of the emperor
Arcadius. He had, ten years before this, only escaped pr