.
Hutcheson's _Enquiry concerning Moral Good and Evil_, 1725, see iii. Sec.
8, says 'that action is best which secures the greatest happiness of the
greatest number.' Beccaria, in the preface to his essay, speaks of _la
massima felicita divisa nel maggior numero_. J. S. Mill says that he
found the word 'Utilitarian' in Galt's _Annals of the Parish_, and gave
the name to the society founded by him in 1822-1823 (_Autobiography_, p.
79). The word had been used by Bentham himself in 1781, and he suggested
it to Dumont in 1802 as the proper name of the party, instead of
'Benthamite' (_Works_, x. 92, 390). He afterwards thought it a bad name,
because it gave a 'vague idea' (_Works_, x. 582), and substituted
'greatest happiness principle' for 'principle of utility' (_Works_, i.
'Morals and Legislation').

[221] A letter in the Additional MSS. 33, 537, shows that Bentham sent
his 'Fragment' and his 'Hard Labour' pamphlet to d'Alembert in 1778,
apparently introducing himself for the first time. Cf. _Works_, x.
87-88, 193-94.

[222] The translation of 1774. See Lowndes' _Manual_ under Voltaire,
_Works_, x. 83 _n._

[223] _Review of the Acts of the Thirteenth Parliament, etc._ (1775).

[224] _Works_, x. 57, 63.

[225] _Works_, x. 133-35.

[226] _Ibid._ x. 84.

[227] _Ibid._ x. 77.

[228] _Works_, x. 82.

[229] _Works_, x. 77-82. Blackstone took no notice of the work, except
by some allusions in the preface to his next edition. Bentham criticised
Blackstone respectfully in the pamphlet upon the Hard Labour Bill
(1778). Blackstone sent a courteous but 'frigidly cautious' reply to the
author.--_Works_, i. 255.

[230] _Works_, x. 115-17, 186

[231] _Ibid._ x. 100.

[232] _Ibid._ x. 122.

[233] _Ibid._ x. 118; i. 253.

[234] _Works_, x. 97; i. 252.

[235] _Ibid._ x. 219, 265.

[236] _Works_, x. 118, 419, 558.

[237] _Ibid._ i. 253.

[238] _Ibid._ x. 116, 182.

[239] _Ibid._ x. 228-42.

[240] _Ibid._ x. 186.

[241] _Works_, v. 370.

[242] _Souvenirs sur Mirabeau_ (preface).

[243] _Works_, x. 185.

[244] _Works_, x. 185. Colls (p. 41) tells the same story.

[245] _Works_ ('Fragment, etc.'), i. 245, and _Ibid._ ii. 463 _n._

[246] _Ibid._ i. 246, 250, 251.

[247] _Ibid._ i. 252.

[248] _Ibid._ x. 185.

[249] Bentham says (_Works_, i. 240) that he was a member of a club of
which Johnson was the despot. The only club possible seems to be the
Essex Street Club, of which Daines Barrington was a memb