.S. 583, 586 (1919).

[30] Reynolds _v._ United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1879).

[31] Ruthenberg _v._ United States, 245 U.S. 480 (1918).

[32] Salinger _v._ Loisel, 265 U.S. 224 (1924).

[33] Beavers _v._ Henkel, 194 U.S. 73, 83 (1904).

[34] Brown _v._ Elliott, 225 U.S. 392 (1912); Hyde _v._ United States,
225 U.S. 347 (1912); Haas _v._ Henkel, 216 U.S. 462 (1910).

[35] Burton _v._ United States, 202 U.S. 344 (1906).

[36] Armour Packing Co. _v._ United States, 209 U.S. 56 (1908).

[37] United States _v._ Johnson, 323 U.S. 273, 274 (1944).

[38] Hagner _v._ United States, 285 U.S. 427, 429 (1932).

[39] Hughes _v._ Gault, 271 U.S. 142 (1926). _Cf._ Tinsley _v._ Treat,
205 U.S. 20 (1907); Beavers _v._ Henkel, 194 U.S. 73, 84 (1904).

[40] Lamar _v._ United States, 241 U.S. 103 (1916).

[41] Jones _v._ United States, 137 U.S. 202, 211 (1890); United States
_v._ Dawson, 15 How. 467, 488 (1853).

[42] Cook _v._ United States, 138 U.S. 157, 182 (1891). _See also_
United States _v._ Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., 310 U.S. 150, 250-254 (1940);
_also_ United States _v._ Johnson, 323 U.S. 273 (1944).

[43] United States _v._ Potter, 56 F. 83, 88 (1892). _See also_ Viereck
_v._ United States, 318 U.S. 236 (1943); Kraus Bros. _v._ United States,
327 U.S. 614, 621 (1946).

[44] United States _v._ Cohen Grocery Co., 264 F. 218, 220 (1920),
affirmed 255 U.S. 81 (1921).

[45] 255 U.S. 81 (1921).

[46] Ibid. 89.

[47] 8 U.S.C. Sec. 145 (c).

[48] United States _v._ Spector, 343 U.S. 169 (1952).

[49] 325 U.S. 91 (1945).

[50] Section 20 of the Criminal Code; 18 U.S.C. Sec. 242.

[51] 325 U.S. 91, 94, 95.

[52] Ibid. 101.

[53] Ibid. 103.

[54] Ibid. 113, 135.

[55] Ibid. 154.

[56] 341 U.S. 97 (1951).

[57] _See also_ Koehler et al. _v._ United States, 342 U.S. 852 (1951).

[58] United States _v._ Petrillo, 332 U.S. 1 (1947).

[59] United States _v._ Darby, 312 U.S. 100, 125 (1941).

[60] Nash _v._ United States, 229 U.S. 373 (1913).

[61] United States _v._ Alford, 274 U.S. 264 (1927).

[62] United States _v._ Wurzbach, 280 U.S. 396 (1930).

[63] Gorin _v._ United States, 312 U.S. 19 (1941).

[64] Kay _v._ United States, 303 U.S. 1 (1938).

[65] United States _v._ Shreveport Grain & Elevator Co., 287 U.S. 77
(1932).

[66] United States _v._ Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542, 544, 558 (1876); United
States _v._ Simmons, 96 U.S. 360 (1878); Bartell _v._ United States, 227
U.S. 427 (1913); Burton _v._ United