tates, 227 U.S. 308 (1913).

[32] Brooks _v._ United States, 267 U.S. 432 (1925).

[33] Thornton _v._ United States, 271 U.S. 414 (1926).

[34] United States _v._ Ferger, 250 U.S. 199 (1919).

[35] Kentucky Whip & Collar Co. _v._ Illinois C.R. Co., 299 U.S. 334
(1937).

[36] Everhard's Breweries _v._ Day, 265 U.S. 545 (1924).

[37] 296 U.S. 287 (1935). The Civil Rights Act of 1875, which made it a
crime for one person to deprive another of equal accommodations at inns,
theaters or public conveyances was found to exceed the powers conferred
on Congress by the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments, and hence to be
an unlawful invasion of the powers reserved to the States by the
Tenth--Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3, 15 (1883).

[38] 327 U.S. 92, 102 (1946).

[39] United States _v._ California, 297 U.S. 175 (1936).

[40] Sanitary District of Chicago _v._ United States, 266 U.S. 405, 425,
426 (1925).

[41] Kansas _v._ Colorado, 206 U.S. 46, 87, 89 (1907).

[42] _See_ United States _v._ Appalachian Electric Power Co., 311 U.S.
377 (1940).

[43] Oklahoma _v._ Atkinson Co., 313 U.S. 508, 534 (1941).

[44] Oklahoma _v._ United States Civil Service Commission, 330 U.S. 127,
142-144 (1947).

[45] 296 U.S. 315 (1935).

[46] 193 U.S. 197 (1904).

[47] Ibid. 345, 346.

[48] New York _v._ United States, 257 U.S. 591 (1922).

[49] Northwestern Electric Co. _v._ Federal Power Commission, 321 U.S.
119 (1944). _See also_ Federal Power Commission _v._ East Ohio Gas
Company, 338 U.S. 404 (1950).

[50] Helvering _v._ National Grocery Co., 304 U.S. 282 (1938).

[51] Helvering _v._ Northwest Steel Mills, 311 U.S. 46 (1940).

AMENDMENT 11

SUITS AGAINST STATES

Page
Purpose and early interpretation 929
Expansion of state immunity 930
Suits against state officials: two categories 930
Mandamus proceedings 932
Early limitation on injunction proceedings 932
Injunction proceedings today: Ex parte Young 933
Tort action against state officials 934
Suits to recover taxes 935
Consent of State to be sued 935
Waiver of immunity 936