emphasize "manifest oppression" as a prerequisite to issuance
of such injunctions. _See also_ Fenner _v._ Boykin, 271 U.S. 240 (1926),
where an injunction to restrain the enforcement of a State law
penalizing gambling contracts was denied. The rule of Ex parte Young
applies equally to the governor of a State in the enforcement of an
unconstitutional statute. Continental Baking Co. _v._ Woodring, 286 U.S.
352 (1932); Sterling _v._ Constantin, 287 U.S. 378 (1932). Joseph D.
Block, "Suit Against Government Officers and the Sovereign Immunity
Doctrine," 59 Harv. L. Rev. 1060, 1078 (1946), points out that Ex parte
Young is enunciating the doctrine that an official proceeding
unconstitutionally is "stripped of his official ... character" has given
impetus to the fiction that the suit must be against the officer as an
individual to be permissible under the Eleventh Amendment. Two recent
cases in which Ex parte Young was followed are Alabama Comm'n _v._
Southern R. Co., 341 U.S. 341, 344 (1951); and Georgia R. _v._ Redwine,
342 U.S. 299, 304-305 (1952).

[37] 123 U.S. 443 (1887). _See also_ Larson _v._ Domestic and Foreign
Corp., 337 U.S. 682, 687-688 (1949).

[38] 49 Stat. 1096 (1936).

[39] Worcester County Trust Co. _v._ Riley, 302 U.S. 292 (1937); _see
also_ Old Colony Trust Co. _v._ Seattle, 271 U.S. 426 (1926).

[40] Treinies _v._ Sunshine Mining Co., 308 U.S. 66 (1939). _See also_
Missouri _v._ Fiske, 290 U.S. 18 (1933).

[41] 106 U.S. 196 (1882).

[42] 167 U.S. 204 (1897).

[43] Johnson _v._ Lankford, 245 U.S. 541 (1918); Martin _v._ Lankford,
245 U.S. 547 (1918).

[44] Smith _v._ Reeves, 178 U.S. 436 (1900).

[45] Atchison, Topeka & S.F.R. Co. _v._ O'Connor, 223 U.S. 280 (1912).

[46] 322 U.S. 47 (1944).

[47] Ford Motor Co. _v._ Dept. of Treasury of Indiana, 323 U.S. 459
(1945); Kennecott Copper Corp. _v._ State Tax Commission, 327 U.S. 573
(1946).

[48] Lincoln County _v._ Luning, 133 U.S. 529 (1890); Hopkins _v._
Clemson Agricultural College, 221 U.S. 636 (1911).

[49] Great Northern Ins. Co. _v._ Read, 322 U.S. 47, 54 (1944); Ford
Motor Co. _v._ Dept. of Treasury of Indiana, 323 U.S. 459 (1945);
Kennecott Copper Corp. _v._ State Tax Commission, 327 U.S. 573 (1946).

[50] Smith _v._ Reeves, 178 U.S. 436 (1900). _See also_ Murray _v._
Wilson Distilling Co., 213 U.S. 151 (1909); Chandler _v._ Dix, 194 U.S.
590 (1904).

[51] Clark _v._ Barnard, 108 U.S. 436, 447 (1883); Ashton _v._ Cameron
County Wa