._ Baldwin, 165 U.S. 275, 282 (1897).

[16] Butler _v._ Perry, 240 U.S. 328, 333 (1916).--Work-or-fight laws,
such as States enacted during World War I, which required male residents
to be employed during the period of that War were sustained on similar
grounds, as were municipal ordinances, enforced during the Depression,
which compelled indigents physically able to perform manual labor to
serve the municipality without compensation as a condition of receiving
financial assistance.--State _v._ McClure, 7 Boyce (Del.) 265; 105 A.
712 (1919); Commonwealth _v._ Pouliot, 292 Mass. 229; 198 N.E. 256
(1935).

[17] Arver _v._ United States (Selective Draft Law Cases), 245 U.S. 366,
390 (1918); United States _v._ Brooks, 54 F. Supp. 995 (1944); affirmed
147 F. (2d) 134 (1945); certiorari denied, 324 U.S. 878 (1945). It may
be noted in this connection that labor leaders have contended that
conscription of labor in time of war, unaccompanied by nationalization
of industry, would mean that the conscripts, having thus been forced by
the Government to work for private profit, would be reduced to
involuntary servitude. This position is not supported by the
precedents.--_See_ Corwin, Total War and the Constitution, 89-90 (1947).

[18] Brown (Marcus) Holding Co. _v._ Feldman, 256 U.S. 170, 109 (1921).

[19] United States _v._ Petrillo, 332 U.S. 1, 12-13 (1947). Injunctions
and "cease and desist" orders in labor disputes have also been
repeatedly sustained against charges by labor that the prohibitions of
this amendment had been violated. _See_ Auto Workers _v._ Wis. Board,
336 U.S. 245 (1949), in which application of the Wisconsin Employment
Peace Act in support of an order forbidding recurrent, intermittent work
stoppages for unstated ends was held not to have imposed involuntary
servitude. _See also_ Western Union Tel. Co. _v._ International B. of E.
Workers, 2 F. (2d) 993 (1924); International Brotherhood, Etc. _v._
Western U. Tel. Co., 46 F. (2d) 736 (1931), certiorari denied, 284 U.S.
630 (1931).

[20] United States _v._ Harris, 106 U.S. 629, 640 (1883). An act of
Congress which penalized a conspiracy to deprive any person of the equal
protection of the laws or of equal privileges and immunities under the
laws was accordingly held unconstitutional insofar as its validity was
made to depend upon the Thirteenth Amendment.

[21] Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3, 20, 23 (1883).

[22] 14 Stat. 546; 8 U.S.C.A. Sec. 56; 18 U.S.C.A.