periodical. He died in 1895.[117]
John Addington Symonds, who went to Aquila in 1891, wrote: "Ulrichs is
_chrysostomos_ to the last degree, sweet, noble, a true gentleman and man
of genius. He must have been at one time a man of singular personal
distinction, so finely cut are his features, and so grand the lines of his
skull."[118]

For many years Ulrichs was alone in his efforts to gain scientific
recognition for congenital homosexuality. He devised (with allusion to
Uranos in Plato's _Symposium_) the word uranian or urning, ever since
frequently used for the homosexual lover, while he called the normal
heterosexual lover a dioning (from Dione). He regarded uranism, or
homosexual love, as a congenital abnormality by which a female soul had
become united with a male body--_anima muliebris in corpore virili
inclusa_--and his theoretical speculations have formed the starting point
for many similar speculations. His writings are remarkable in various
respects, although, on account of the polemical warmth with which, as one
pleading _pro domo_, he argued his cause, they had no marked influence on
scientific thought.[119]

This privilege was reserved for Westphal. After he had shown the way and
thrown open his journal for their publication, new cases appeared in rapid
succession. In Italy, also, Ritti, Tamassia, Lombroso, and others began to
study these phenomena. In 1882 Charcot and Magnan published in the
_Archives de Neurologie_ the first important study which appeared in
France concerning sexual inversion and allied sexual perversions. They
regarded sexual inversion as an episode (_syndrome_) in a more fundamental
process of hereditary degeneration, and compared it with such morbid
obsessions as dipsomania and kleptomania. From a somewhat more
medico-legal standpoint, the study of sexual inversion in France was
furthered by Brouardel, and still more by Lacassagne, whose stimulating
influence at Lyons has produced fruitful results in the work of many
pupils.[120]

Of much more importance in the history of the theory of sexual inversion
was the work of Richard von Krafft-Ebing (born at Mannheim in 1840 and
died at Graz in 1902), for many years professor of psychiatry at Vienna
University and one of the most distinguished alienists of his time. While
active in all departments of psychiatry and author of a famous textbook,
from 1877 onward he took special interest in the pathology of the sexual
impulse. His _Psychopathi