to move onwards towards Pekin, and apply some more direct
pressure to the Emperor and his capital.

_March 29th.--Shanghae._--Here I am in the Consul's house, a very
spacious mansion. The climate, character of the rooms, &c., all make
me feel in Europe again. I reached this harbour on the 26th, but only
landed to-day. Mr. Reed and Count Putiatine arrived before me, but
Baron Gros has not yet made his appearance. The Prime Minister of the
Emperor says that he cannot write to me himself, but sends me a
message through the Governor-General of the province to say that a
Commissioner has been sent to Canton by the Emperor to replace Yeh,
and that I must go there and settle matters with him. This will never
do, so I must move on to the mouth of the Peiho. I am only waiting for
Gros and the Admiral before I start. The Shanghae merchants presented
an address to me to-day, and as I was obliged to say something in
reply, I thought that I might as well take advantage of the
opportunity to let the Chinese (who are sure to get a translation of
my answer) know, that there is no chance of my going back to Canton. I
also endeavoured to give the British manufacturers a hint that they
must exert themselves and not trust to cannon if they intend to get a
market in China.

The views to which he here refers were expressed in his reply in the
following forcible language:--

[Sidenote: Reply to merchants' address.]

In my communication with the functionaries of the Chinese Government,
I have been guided by two simple rules of action: I have never
preferred a demand which I did not believe to be both moderate and
just, and from a demand so preferred I have never receded. These
principles dictated the policy which resulted in the capture and
occupation of Canton. The same principles will be followed by me, with
the same determination, to their results, if it should be necessary to
repeat the experiment in the vicinity of the capital of the Emperor of
China.

The expectations held out to British manufacturers at the close of the
last war between Great Britain and China, when they were told 'that a
new world was opened to their trade so 'vast that all the mills in
Lancashire could not make stocking-stuff sufficient for one of its
provinces,' have not been realised; and I am of opinion that when
force and diplom