this pipe. This is another pipe of
great interest, and is supposed to represent the head of a woman. The
countenance is expressive, the eyes prominent, and the lips full and
rounded. We must notice again the headdress. While the faces are of
Indian type, the method of wearing the hair is different from that of
the typical Indian of the North.

Illustration of Beaver.----------------

The animal forms into which the pipe-bowls are carved, are also full of
interest. This is not so much on account of animal forms themselves as
the insight we gain as to the artistic skill of the people who fashioned
the pipes, and in various ways learn of bits of customs and manners
peculiar to them. Here we have figured a pipe, the bowl of which is
carved to represent a beaver. No one need hesitate as to the animal
which the carver had in mind. It is represented in a characteristic
attitude, and has the broad, flat tail of its species. It must have
required no little skill and patient labor to work a rough stone into
this finished pipe, especially when we remember that the maker had no
edged tools with which to work.

Illustration of Otter.----------------

We can not always determine the animal which the artist had in mind. In
this illustration we have figured such a pipe. Considerable discussion
has arisen as to the animal represented. Some cases of this nature have
been thought to show either migration from a distant country on the part
of the maker or else an extended system of trade.

Squier and Davis, who first figured it, supposed it to represent a
manatee, or sea-cow. This animal is essentially a tropical species, the
only known place where it was found in the United States being Florida.
From the presence of this carved specimen, found a thousand miles to
the north, some interesting queries, as the origin of the mound-building
tribes, and the state of life among them, were raised. It is almost
certain, however, that the animal intended to be represented was the
otter.<92>

Illustration of Birds on Pipes.---------------

The most general form of sculpture was that of birds, and we find
specimens of almost all the common varieties. In this group we recognize
the tufted heron striking a fish; the eagle, or hawk, tearing a smaller
bird; the swallow, apparently just ready to fly; and in the last figure,
one that has given rise to a good deal of discussion. Some think from
the circumstance of its having a very large