Society," p. 12.
(98) _American Antiquarian,_ 1879, p. 64.
(99) McAdams: _American Antiquarian,_ 1880, p. 140.
(100) "Smithsonian Report," 1866. We have gathered these points
for comparison from Dr. Rau's article in that report.
(101) Bella Hubbard, _American Antiquarian,_ 1876, p. 219.
(102) Foster's "Prehistoric Races," p. 346.

Chapter XI

THE PUEBLO COUNTRY.<1>

Description of the Pueblo Country--Historical outline--Description of
Zuni--Definition of a Pueblo--Old Zuni--Inscription Rock--Pueblo of
Jemez--Historical notice of Pecos--Description of the Moqui tribes--The
Estufa--Description of the San Juan country--Aztec Springs--In the
Canyon of the McElmo--The Ruins of the Rio Mancos--On Hovenweep
Creek--Description of a Cliff-house--Cliff Town--Cave houses--Ruins
on the San Juan--Cave Town--The Significance of Cliff-houses--Moqui
traditions--Ruins in Northern New Mexico--Ruins in the Chaco
Canyon--Pueblo Bonito--Ruins in South-western Arizona--The Rio
Verde Valley--Casa Grande--Ruins on the Gila--Culture of the Pueblo
Tribes--Their Pottery--Superiority of the Ancient pottery--Conclusion.

We have hitherto been describing people and tribes that have completely
vanished. We have peered into the mysterious past and sought as best we
could to conjure back the scenes of many years ago. The line between the
known and the unknown, between the historic and prehistoric, is not far
removed from us in the new world. Not yet four centuries have passed
since the veil was lifted, and America, with her savage tribes of the
North, and her rude civilization of the South, was revealed to the
wondering eyes of Europe. But with a knowledge of this new land
came also wondrous stories of wealth, and in consequence an army of
adventurers were soon on her shores. Then follows a short period of war
and conquest. The Indian race could not withstand the whites. European
civilization, transplanted to America, has thriven. But whatever advance
the native tribes have made since the discovery, has been by reason of
contact with the whites.

Map of Pueblo Country.-----------

There was no single birthplace of American culture. Advance took place
wherever the climate was mild and the soil fertile, and thus an abundant
supply of food could be obtained. One such locality was the valley of
the San Juan, in what is now the southwestern part of the United
States. It is quite allowable to suppose that he