and frequently triple, rows
of palisades, interwoven with branches of trees.<20> Cartier, in 1535,
found the village of Hochelaga (now Montreal) thus defended. In 1637 the
Pequot Indians were the terror of the New England colonies, and Capt.
Mason, who was sent to subject them, found their principal villages,
covering six acres, strongly defended by palisades.

Illustration of Stockaded Onondaga Village.--------

The Iroquois tribes also adopted this method of defense. In 1615
Champlain, with Indian allies, invaded the territory of the Iroquois.
He left a sketch of his attack on one of their villages. This sketch we
reproduce in this illustration, which is a very important one, because
it shows us a regularly palisaded village among a tribe of Indians where
the common impression in reference to them is that they were a wandering
people with no fixed habitations. The sketch is worthy of careful study.
The buildings within are the long houses which we have just described.
They are located near together, three or four in a group. The
arrangement of the groups is in the form of a square, inclosing a court
in the center. This tendency to inclose a court is a very common feature
of Indian architecture. Such, as we have seen, is the arrangement of
the pueblos. Such was also the arrangement of the communal buildings
in Mexico, Central America, and Peru. In this case the village covered
about six acres also. The defense was by means of palisades. There
seem to be two rows of them. They seem to have been well made, since
Champlain was unsuccessful in his attack. In earlier times these
fortified villages were numerous.

Illustration of Pomeiock. (Bureau of Ethnology.)-----

Further south, this method of inclosing a village was also in use. In
1585 the English sent an expedition to the coast of North Carolina.
An artist attached to this expedition left some cuts, one of which
represents a village near Roanoke. It is surrounded, as we see, by a row
of palisades, and contains seventeen joint tenement houses, besides
the council house. The historians of De Soto's expedition make frequent
mention of walled and fortified towns. "The village of Mavilla," from
which comes our name Mobile, says Biedman, "stood on a plain surrounded
by strong walls." Herrera, in his General History, states that the
walls were formed by piles, interwoven with other timber, and the spaces
packed with straw and earth so that it looked like a wall s