s light. But
in some localities it is more than three feet thick. In places three
separate floors are observed, one over the other, pointing to as many
successive occupations of the same sections by men.

About sixty-five miles to the north of Mexico was located Tollan, or
Tulla. According to tradition, this was the capital city of the Toltecs,
a mysterious people who long preceded the Aztecs. We are told that
"extensive ruins remained at the time of the conquest, but very few
relics have survived to the present time."<18> M. Charney, whose labors
we have referred to at Teotihuacan, succeeded also in making important
discoveries here. He tells us that on the site of this ancient capital
there is a hill, "about one mile long by half a mile broad, covered with
mounds, plateaus, and ruins of all kinds."

He gives us the dimensions of two pyramids, as follows. The first is one
hundred and ninety-six feet on each front, and forty-six feet high. The
second is one hundred and thirty-one feet square, and thirty-one feet
high. Both of these pyramids stood on raised foundations, which M.
Charney calls esplanades. As no other pyramids are mentioned, we are to
suppose these are the two principal ones. Perhaps they are also pyramids
of the sun and moon. Our chief interest is concerned with the remains of
the habitations he discovered here. He says: "I set the men to work at
one of the many mounds upon the ridge, and soon found that I had hit
upon a group of habitations." A general idea of this group of buildings
is given in this passage: "The dwellings were united together in groups,
and erected on isolated mounds, one in the middle, the others around
about, the whole forming a sort of honey-comb, with its cells placed at
different elevations."

We can not help being struck with the general resemblance of the
descriptions here given and that of the ruins in the vicinity of the
River Gila. The general tendency is seen to gather together in clusters,
with, probably, the most important house in the center. As to the
materials used in this building, we are told "they used clay and mud for
the inside of the walls, cement to coat them, dressed stone and brick
for casings, bricks and stone for stairways, bricks for pilasters, and
wood for roofing the edifice. The houses bad flat roofs, consisting
of timbers coated with cement. Of such timbers we find vast
quantities."<19>

Of the arrangements of the rooms, he tells us, "The apartments