hundred to eight hundred or a thousand Indians, and, in one case at
least, many more.

In the next cut we have represented the different styles of masonry
employed in the pueblos of this valley. It varied all the way from
careful piling of big and little stones, and of alternate layers of
such materials, to very good masonry indeed. Speaking of it, Mr. Jackson
says, "It is the most wonderful feature in these ancient habitations,
and is in striking contrast to the careless and rude methods shown in
the dwellings of the present pueblos. The material, a grayish-yellow
sandstone, breaking readily into thin laminae, and was quarried from the
adjacent exposures of that rock. The stones employed average about the
size of an ordinary brick, but as the larger pieces were irregular in
size, the interstices were filled in with very thin plates of sandstone,
or rather built in during its construction; for by no other means could
they be placed with such regularity and compactness. So closely are
the individual pieces fitted to each other that at a little distance no
jointage appears, and the wall bears every indication of being a plain,
solid surface."

Illustration of Different Styles of Masonry.--------

Besides these important ruins, there are a great many others not
especially different from those previously described. We can not state
positively that these ruins are of a later date than those of the North;
we think they are. From the character of the structures, we are more
inclined to class them with the great pueblos of the Rio Grande, Puerco,
and Zuni. By examining the map we see that the Rio Chaco would afford a
convenient route for them in their migration from the San Juan Valley.

Illustration of Room in Pueblo Bonito. (Bureau of Ethnology.)---

It may be of some interest to notice one of the rooms in this pueblo.
Simpson says it is walled up with alternate layers of large and small
stones, the regularity of the combination producing a very pleasant
effect. Mr. Morgan thinks this room will compare not unfavorably with
any of equal size to be found in the more imposing ruins of the South.
We must notice the ceiling. The probabilities are that the Rio Chelly,
further to the west, afforded another line of retreat. Some ruins are
found scattered up and down the river or canyon, which we will not stop
to describe. Off to the south-west are the inhabited towns or pueblos of
the Moquis, who, as we have seen, have a