tradition that they came from
the north.

There are some ruins found in the south-western part of Arizona which
must be described in a general survey of the ruins of the Pueblo
country. The river Gila, with numerous tributaries, is the most
important stream in that portion of the State. It is in just such a
section as we would expect to find ruins, if anywhere. Coronado, as we
have seen, invaded the country about three hundred and fifty years
ago. At the time of his visit this was then a ruin, for his historian
describes one ruin as "a single ruined and roofless house... the work of
civilized people who had come from afar."<28> This gives us a point as
to the antiquity of some of the ruins in the Gila Valley. As we shall
see, there is every reason to suppose that this section was at one time
a thickly inhabited one.

From the similar character of the remains, we conclude the original
inhabitants to be of the same race of people as those we have already
described, but what was the exact relation between them we can not tell,
but we think a study of the ruins will only confirm the general truth
of the traditions of the Pueblo tribes. In any one tradition there is
doubtless much that is distorted. One form in which the traditions find
expression is: "That they proceeded from the north-west to the upper
waters of the Rio Colorado. There they divided, portions ascended by the
San Juan, canyon De Chelly, or the more easterly branches of that stream
towards the center of New Mexico. Others, passing over the waters of the
Rio Verde (see map), descended its valley to the Rio Gila."<29>

One hundred and fifty miles southwest of Zuni we notice the Verde River
flowing into the Rio Salado, and the latter into the Gila. Besides those
streams, there are other smaller ones, not marked on the map.<30>
Mr. Bandelier found near the Canyon del Tule an improvement on the
irrigating ditches, that was a lining of concrete; and in this section
also was noticed the ruins of both pueblos and the small houses. Near
Ft. Apache he found the ruins of the largest villages discovered in
Arizona, but we have no details of it. The valley of the Rio Verde and
Salado seems to have been a favorite resort.

As early as 1854 attention was called to ruins in the Rio Verde. Mr.
Leroux reported to Mr. Whipple that the "river banks were covered with
ruins of stone houses and regular fortifications, which appeared to have
been the work of civilized men, but