es that
the true pope must be elected by two-thirds of the cardinals; one of
its canons condemns the Waldenses, and their translation of their
Bible is suppressed.

1180. Death of Louis VII; his son Philip Augustus succeeds to the
French throne.

Henry the Lion, placed under the ban of the empire, has his Bavarian
domains sequestered and his Saxon kingdom partitioned.

About this time the Gothic style of architecture is introduced.

1182. France expels the Jews.

1183. Lombard cities secure their freedom. See "THE PEACE OF
CONSTANCE," vi, 28.

Baldwin IV, disabled by leprosy, resigns the crown of Jerusalem to his
nephew, Baldwin V.

Saladin takes Damascus, Aleppo, and Mosul, and sets aside the Turkish
Sultan.

1184. Diet of Mainz; the functions and dignities of the electors of
Germany settled.

Council of Verona; excommunication of the Roman people and the
Waldenses.

1185. Tumults at Constantinople; Andronicus murdered, which ends the
Comneni dynasty; Isaac Angelus made emperor.

Prince Arthur, grandson of Henry II, born after the death of his
father, Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany.

1186. Marriage of the Emperor's son, Henry, to Constance, heiress of
the throne of the Two Sicilies; they are crowned king and queen of
Italy at Milan.

Revolt of Bulgaria and Wallachia (Roumania); they throw off the
Byzantine yoke.

1187. Battle of Tiberias. See "SALADIN TAKES JERUSALEM FROM THE
CHRISTIANS," vi, 41.

Pope Gregory VIII urges a new crusade. York Minster, England, founded.

1188. Imposition of the "tithe of Saladin," on behalf of the crusaders
in England. King Richard says he "would sell London itself" to aid the
cause. See "THE THIRD CRUSADE," vi, 54.

Pope Clement III again makes Rome the papal residence.

1189. Massacre of Jews in England.

Sancho, King of Portugal, takes Silvas and Beja.

Tancred, natural son of Roger, is invited by the Sicilians to occupy
the throne; he is supported by the Pope against Constance and her
husband.

Frederick Barbarossa sets out on the Third Crusade. See "THE THIRD
CRUSADE," vi, 54.

1190. King Richard of England claims the dowry of his sister, Joan,
widow of the late King of Sicily.

Emperor Frederick is drowned. See "THE THIRD CRUSADE," vi, 54. A
wealthy German, to aid his poor countrymen at Acre, founds the
order of Teutonic Knights. See "THE TEUTONIC KNIGHTS," vi, 68.

1191. Pope Celestin III allows the Romans to destroy Tusculum; the
expelled inhabitant