87.

22. See _Japanese Repel the Tartars_, page 327.

23. See _The Golden Bull, "Hungary's Magna Charta,"_ page 191.

24. See _The "Mad Parliament,"_ page 246.

25. See _Edward I Conquers Wales_, page 316.

26. See _Exploits and Death of William Wallace_, page 369.

27. See _Expulsion of Jews from England_, page 356.

28. A tax originally levied by Ethelred II to maintain forces against
the Danes.

29. He had killed the father of a young lady whom he had betrayed.

30. The King knew not how to behave to the murderers. To punish them
for that which they had understood he wished them to do, appeared
ungenerous; to spare them was to confirm the general suspicion
that he had ordered the murder. He left them therefore to the
judgment of the spiritual courts. In consequence they travelled to
Rome, and were enjoined by Alexander to make a pilgrimage to
Jerusalem, where some, if not all, of them died.

31. Guy--Guido of Lusignan--was King of Jerusalem, the kingdom
founded by the crusaders in 1099. When Saladin took the city, in
1187, he imprisoned Guy.

32. The house of Comnenus, rulers of the Byzantine empire.

33. Mother of John, grandmother of Arthur, and heiress of Aquitaine.

34. According to R. Coggeshall, Philip virtually declared himself
still ignorant on the point six months later.

35. These were the alternative versions proposed by John's friends,
according to M. Paris.

36. _Johannem Mollegladium_. This nickname is no doubt a translation
of one which must have been applied to John in French, though
unluckily its vernacular form is lost. It has been suggested that
"if the phrase had any English equivalent, it would probably be
something embracing a more direct metaphor than
'Softsword'--something like 'Tinsword,' or, better still, if the
thirteenth century knew of putty, 'John Puttysword.'"

37. In 1199, by acknowledging Arthur as their liege lord and Richard's
lawful heir.

38. _I.e._, "May the band that binds the felts and spars of the yurt
never decay"; in other words, may he ever be prosperous--a
favorite Mongol wish.

39. Transports.

40. The Petrion, which is repeatedly mentioned by contemporary
writers, was a district built on the slope of a hill running
parallel to the Golden Horn for about one-third of the length of
the harbor walls eastward from Blachern. It had apparently been a
neglecte