m Antiquorum," note (*), p. 184.
Aristotle (fourth century B.C.), however, had already
given evidence respecting the use of silk, which was
adopted and repeated by Pliny, Clemens Alexandrinus, and
Basil. Aristotle tells the story of Pamphile. One
thousand years later Procopius (sixth century A.D.) says
the raw material was then brought from the East, and
woven in the Phoenician cities of Tyre and Berytus.
See Yates, pp. 163, 164.

[231] Ibid., note (*), p. 184.

[232] Yates, "Textrinum Antiquorum," p. 181.

[233] I have mentioned this already, to prove the
antiquity of the art of embroidery. Here I repeat it in
reference to the first mention of silk. (See p. 38
_ante_.)

[234] "Bibliotheque Orientale de M. Herbelot," ed. 1778,
vol. iii. p. 19.

[235] Auberville, p. 2; Yates (pp. 172, 173) calls her
Si-ling, wife of Hoang-ti, and quotes the "Resume des
Principaux Tractes Chinois," traduits par Stanislas
Julien, 1837, pp. 67, 68.

[236] Auberville, "Histoire des Tissus," pp. 2-4; "Du
Halde," vol. ii. pp. 355, 356 (8vo edition, London,
1736).

[237] Related by Klaproth, the Russian Orientalist.

[238] Yates, p. 238. "History of Khotan," translated by
M. Abel Remusat, pp. 55, 56.

[239] Khotan or Little Bucharia would, in common
parlance, be included in Serica; and therefore silk
exported thence to Europe would have been perfectly
described as coming from the Seres. Yates, p. 231, 232.

[240] Yates, p. 231.

[241] While in Europe the arts of daily use and
decoration were struggling for life after many
interruptions and revolutions, the civilization of
Japan, which is nearly contemporary with Christianity,
spent itself in perfecting to the most exquisite finish
the arts which had been imported from China and Corea.
Japan also inherited the power and the tradition of
concealment, and so Europe remained unconscious, until
the last century, of the miraculous arts which a
semi-barbarous people were cultivating--_not_ for
commercial purposes. Auberville, "Tissus," pp. 2-4.

[242] Yates, pp. 175-184.

[243] Yates, p. 176. The silken flags attached to the
gilt standards of the Parthians inflamed the cupidity of
the army of Crassus. The conflict between them took
place 54 B.C. About thirty years after this date, Roman
lu