xury had reached its zenith--

"The insatiate Roman spreads his conquering arm
O'er land and sea, where'er heaven's light extends."

"Petronius Arbiter," c. cxix.

After these words he says that among the richest
productions of distant climes, the Seres sent their "new
fleeces."

[244] Yates, p. 183.

[245] "Holosericum," whole silk; "subsericum," partly
cotton, hemp, or flax. The longitudinal threads or warp,
cotton; the cross threads, silk. Rock, "Textile
Fabrics," p. xxxvii (ed. 1870).

[246] Yates, p. 195.

[247] Yates, p. 198. For the value of the denarius, see
Waddington, "Edit. de Diocletien," p. 3.

[248] Gruter, tom. iii. p. 645; Yates, p. 205.

[249] Yates, p. 246. The words "silk" and "satin" are
spoken of by Yates as having two derivations--the one
imported to us through Greece and Italy, the other from
Eastern Asia, through Slavonia, by the north of Europe.

[250] Yates, p. 231; who remarks, p. 203, that the laws
of Justinian are not directed against the use of silk as
a luxury, but rather as appropriating it as an imperial
monopoly and source of revenue.

[251] Tom. ii. p. 106 (ed. 1630). See Yates, p. 213.

[252] Yates, p. 214.

[253] Auberville, Plate 4. Amongst these are what he
calls "Consular silks." These are, or may be, included
in the palmated class, as they are evidently woven for
triumphal occasions. One of the most remarkable has
every mark of Oriental design. It represents a picture
in a circle, repeated over and over again, of a warrior
in his quadriga. Black or coloured slaves drive the
horses, either running beside them or standing upon
them; and other slaves carry beasts on their shoulders,
and are stooping to give them drink at a trough. The
space between the circles is filled in with the tree of
life, growing out of its two horns. The colours are
purple and gold. He places this between the first and
seventh centuries (see pl. 34).

[254] There are, however, a few that have not had the
security of the tomb, and yet have survived, such as the
chasuble and maniple at Bayeux, of the seventh century,
and Charlemagne's dalmatic.

[255] Roger de Wendover, "Chronica," t. iv. p. 127, ed.
Coxe. Quoted by Rock from Ralph, Dean of St. Paul's. See
Rock, Introduct