rity, and can not be made clear to the unprofessional mind in a
short description. It consists, however, in the discovery and removal of
the missing gland by exploring through the natural channel (the inguinal
canal), or, in case it is absent, through the inguinal ring or through
an artificial opening made in front and above that channel between the
abdominal muscles and the strong fascia on the inner side of the thigh
(Poupart's ligament). Whatever method is used, the skin, hands, and
instruments should be rendered aseptic with a solution of mercuric
chlorid 1 part, water 2,000 parts (a carbolic-acid lotion for the
instruments), and the spermatic cord is best torn through by the
ecraseur. In many such cases, too, it is desirable to sew up the
external wound and keep the animal still, to favor healing of the wound
by adhesion.

CONDITIONS FOLLOWING CASTRATION.

_Pain after castration._--Some horses are pained and very restless for
several hours after castration, and this may extend to cramps of the
bowels and violent colic. This is best kept in check by carefully
rubbing the patient dry when he rises from the operation, and then
leading him in hand for some time. If the pain still persists a dose of
laudanum (1 ounce for an adult) may be given.

_Bleeding after castration._--Bleeding from the wound in the scrotum and
from the little artery in the posterior portion of the spermatic cord
always occurs, and in warm weather may appear to be quite free. It
scarcely ever lasts, however, more than 15 minutes, and is easily
checked by dashing cold water against the part.

Bleeding from the spermatic artery in the anterior part of the cord may
be dangerous when due precaution has not been taken to prevent it. In
such case the stump of the cord should be sought for and the artery
twisted with artery forceps or tied with a silk thread. If the stump can
not be found, pledgets of tow wet with tincture of muriate of iron may
be stuffed into the canal to favor the formation of clot and the closure
of the artery.

_Strangulated spermatic cord._--If in castration the cord is left too
long, so as to hang out of the wound, the skin wound in contracting
grasps and strangles it, preventing the free return of blood and causing
a steadily advancing swelling. In addition the cord becomes adherent to
the lips of the wound in the skin, whence it derives an increased supply
of blood, and is thereby stimulated to more rapid swelling. The su