nd not _ho_, for the
river.--H.C.

[Mr. Rockhill remarks (_Land of the Lamas_, p. 196 note) that "Marco
Polo speaks of the Yang-tzu as the _Brius_, and Orazio della Penna
calls it _Biciu_, both words representing the Tibetan _Dre ch'u_. This
last name has been frequently translated 'Cow yak River,' but this is
certainly not its meaning, as cow yak is _dri-mo_, never pronounced
_dre_, and unintelligible without the suffix, _mo_. _Dre_ may mean
either mule, dirty, or rice, but as I have never seen the word
written, I cannot decide on any of these terms, all of which have
exactly the same pronunciation. The Mongols call it _Murus osu_, and
in books this is sometimes changed to _Murui osu_, 'Tortuous river.'
The Chinese call it _Tung t'ien ho_, 'River of all Heaven.' The name
_Kin-sha kiang_, 'River of Golden Sand,' is used for it from Bat'ang
to Sui-fu, or thereabouts." The general name for the river is
_Ta-Kiang_ (Great River), or simply _Kiang_, in contradistinction to
_Ho_, for _Hwang-Ho_ (Yellow River) in Northern China.--H.C.]

[A] Marco Polo nowhere calls the river "Gold River," the name he
gives it is _Brius_.--H.Y.

[2] Baron Richthofen, who has travelled hundreds of miles in his
footsteps, considers his allowance of time to be generally from 1/4 to
1/9 greater than that now usual.

[3] See _Quatremere's Rashiduddin_, pp. lxxxvi.-xcvi. My quotation is
made up from _two_ citations by Quatremere, one from his text of
Rashiduddin, and the other from the History of Benakeli, which
Quatremere shows to have been drawn from Rashiduddin, whilst it
contains some particulars not existing in his own text of that author.

[4] The title _Chao_ in _Nan-Chao_ (infra, p. 79) is said by a Chinese
author (Pauthier, p. 391) to signify _King_ in the language of those
barbarians. This is evidently the _Chao_ which forms an essential part
of the title of all Siamese and Shan princes.

[Regarding the word _Nan-Chao_, Mr. Parker (_China Review_, XX. p.
339) writes "In the barbarian tongue 'prince is _Chao_," says the
Chinese author; and there were six _Chao_, of which the _Nan_ or
Southern was the leading power. Hence the name Nan-Chao ... it is
hardly necessary for me to say that _chao_ or _kyiao_ is still the
Shan-Siamese word for 'prince.' Pallegoix (_Dict._ p. 85) has _Chao_,
Princep