close, and leave no acute forks. Compel the limbs to start
at obtuse or right angles from the trunk; if they bend over to the
north, anchor with string and stake. The art and science of horticulture
are little studied in Kansas. It takes good judgment and a scientific
turn of mind to be successful in orcharding. Chemistry, botany and
physiology are especially necessary to make it a delightful work in
life. We must run back to the original, which was no doubt far beyond
anything we as yet have, or we could not improve at all. The beauty ran
down as man did, and it will be a long time before perfection is
reached.

* * * * *

D. M. ADAMS, Rome, Sumner county: I have lived in Kansas fourteen years;
have an apple orchard of 140 trees from eight to twelve years old. For
market I prefer Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin, and Winesap. I prefer bottom
land for an orchard. I prefer three-year-old trees set fifteen by thirty
feet; mine are planted thirty by thirty. I plant my orchard to corn for
four years, using a cultivator and harrow, and cease cropping after four
or five years. I plant nothing in a bearing orchard. Windbreaks are
essential here. For rabbits I use a gun and traps, and for borers I wash
with soap-suds. I should thin my apples if there was a heavy crop. I
fertilize my orchard with stable litter, and think it beneficial. I do
not pasture my orchard; it is not advisable. My trees are troubled with
borers. I do not spray.

* * * * *

WILLIAM PRICE, El Dorado, Butler county: Have lived in Kansas
thirty-five years; have 1200 apple trees, planted twelve to eighteen
years, running from eight to twelve inches in diameter. My market
varieties are Winesap, Missouri Pippin, Ben Davis, Large Romanite, and
Jonathan; for family I have added Early Harvest, Red June, Red
Astrachan, and Maiden's Blush. I have discarded Rawle's Janet, as they
grow in clusters and rot on the trees. My location is on hilltop, with a
loose clay soil, and a north aspect. I plant two-year-old upright trees,
with good roots, in deep furrows thrown out each way, and subsoiled. I
cultivate same as corn, and grow corn as a crop, for small grains and
millet breed insects. In the bearing orchard I grow nothing. I cultivate
with the disc harrow, cultivator, and plow, until the trees cover the
ground, from twelve to fifteen years from planting. I wash the trees
three times a year with a solution of s