have
reduced the codling-moth. I pick my apples (from step-ladders where
high) into baskets. Sort into three classes: cider, specked, and sound.
We leave them in piles until they sweat, then dry and sort. I prefer
two-and-one-half bushel barrels, packed with a nice layer on the bottom
(this will be top when opened), then mark with the name of fruit, and
haul to market by rail or wagon. I sell in orchard, wholesale, retail,
and peddle, and make cider of the culls. My best markets are Wichita,
Pueblo, Leadville, the Strip, and Eldorado. Have tried distant markets,
but it does not pay.

I never dry any for market. I store some apples for winter market in
bulk; am not very successful; find Winesap keeps the best. Have to
repack stored apples before marketing; lose about ten per cent. I do not
irrigate. Prices have been from twenty-five cents to one dollar per
bushel; dried apples, four and one-half cents per pound. I employ young
men, at from seventy-five cents to one dollar per day. I have sprayed
carefully for three years, and am glad to report no worms this year
[1898]. Winesap not full--too full and dry last year, Maiden's Blush
full, Rawle's Janet very full, Sweet Bough full, Limber Twig full, Milam
full, Ben Davis fair, Northern Spy fair, Little Romanite light, Jonathan
light, Willow Twig and King (of Tompkins county) full, Talman Sweet
full, and Pound Sweet full.

Trees must not be trimmed up too high, as is too much the practice. A
low, broad top will hold the least sprinkle of rain longer, and the wind
will not have much chance to dry the earth under the trees. There are
millions of hair roots just at the surface, in the compost, or loose
earth, to immediately absorb the moisture if wind and sun are kept off.
The buds set better when the trunks are short, and kept as cool as
possible, so that the sap can run freely to the terminal buds, and also
make buds, when, if high and dry, no bud formation can occur. Trees
should be short in trunk, broad top, and limbs nearly to the ground. No
hogs nor calves should be allowed in the orchard, but all the chickens
possible. Cut off all dead branches, and fill up vacancies. Trees should
be two or three years old when set. When setting make a good large hole,
and in the center make a hill or cone of earth. Then spread the roots
out in their natural position, and after this fill in some earth and
press lightly. Set two or three inches deeper than they grew in the
nursery, trim