alf of them.
I have sold Canada Pippins from fifty cents to two dollars per bushel. I
employ men and boys, and pay from fifty cents to seventy-five cents per
day and board.

* * * * *

W. T. WALTERS, Emporia, Lyon county: I have been in Kansas nearly
twenty-one years. I have 700 apple trees; 200 thirty years old, 100
eleven years old, and 400 seven years old. Market varieties, Ben Davis,
Winesap, Missouri Pippin, and Jonathan; and for family have added Red
Astrachan, Red June, Early Harvest, Maiden's Blush, and Rambo. I prefer
bottom land if not too low; I have apples when they dry up on the hill.
Prefer a rich, dark loam, with a slightly porous subsoil, and northeast
slope. Use two-year-old thrifty trees, with well-balanced head. Fall
plow deeply, throw two or three furrows each way, leaving a deep dead
furrow, cross lightly with one furrow, and plant at the crossings. I
grow corn, sweet and Irish potatoes for eight or ten years, then seed to
clover. I cultivate with a one-horse plow, using a hoe around trees. In
my oldest orchard I grow nothing, but use the disc freely. I believe
windbreaks necessary on upland, but not in our bottom. Use corn-stalks
tied around the tree for rabbits. I prevent borers by keeping the trees
thrifty. I prune with knife and saw only to remove dead limbs and keep
others from rubbing together, and I think it pays. I think thinning
would pay, with cheap labor. Have used coarse stable litter in my
orchard; think it has paid in larger and better-colored fruit; would
advise its use for bearing trees. I would pasture my orchard with
calves, hogs, and sheep, if I had them; I believe if judiciously done it
would pay. I spray before the buds open, after the bloom drops, and ten
days later, with London purple and lime, for canker-worm and
codling-moth; have kept the canker-worm in check, but have not prevented
my apples from getting wormy and falling. I hand-pick in sacks and
baskets; pack in tight, eleven-peck barrels; but sell most of my apples
in the orchard to teamsters from the West. I sell culls to the cider
and canning factories. My best market is in the orchard. Never shipped
but once; not satisfactory. I store some in tight barrels in the cellar,
and find Winesaps keep the best. We lose from ten to twenty-five per
cent. of them; some winters they keep better than others. Never dried
any, and have not irrigated. Prices from thirty to fifty cents per
bushel at p