nd at Wichita; never have tried distant markets. Never dry any.
Sometimes I store apples for winter market in a cellar, but prefer a
cave; store in boxes and bulk. Am fairly successful; have apples in
cellar at this time (May 1), Missouri Pippin, Winesap, Ben Davis, and
Grimes's Golden Pippin, in the order named. Never have tried artificial
cold storage; have to repack stored apples, if late, losing from ten to
fifteen per cent. I do not irrigate. Prices have been from 50 cents to
$1.50 per bushel. I employ the best help I can get, and pay seventy-five
cents per day and board.

* * * * *

R. O. GRAHAM, Altoona, Wilson county: I have lived in Kansas
twenty-seven years. Have an apple orchard of forty trees from five to
eight years old. For market I prefer Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin, Willow
Twig, Rawle's Janet, and Grimes's Golden Pippin; and for family orchard
I would add Maiden's Blush, Red Astrachan, and Red June. I have tried
and discarded Belleflower, Limber Twig, and King of Tompkins County;
they are no good. I prefer a clay bottom, with a north or northeast
slope. I prefer two-year-old, round-top trees, with whole roots, set in
dug holes, in the fall or spring, as deeply as they stood in the
nursery. I cultivate my orchard five to eight years, with a hoed crop,
or just keep the ground clean, and sow oats and sometimes red clover in
a bearing orchard. Windbreaks are essential; I would make them of Osage
orange. I prune to give shape, and to keep limbs from crossing; I think
it beneficial, and that it pays. I seldom thin my fruit while on the
trees; I pick them off when the size of walnuts. My trees are in mixed
plantings. I fertilize my orchard with well-rotted stable litter; put it
between the rows; it has proven very beneficial; I would advise it on
all soils, but less of it on bottom land. I never pasture my orchard,
excepting with pigs, to eat the oats or clover, which I think advisable,
and that it pays.

My trees are troubled with bark-louse, twig-borer, web-worm,
tent-caterpillar, and canker-worm, and my apples with codling-moth and
curculio. I spray my trees while in bloom, and two or three times
afterward, with London purple and some Paris green; have greatly reduced
the codling-moth. For rabbits I wrap the trees with corn-stalks and tie
with a string. Borers I dig out, and then with a goose-quill or a spray
nozzle I blow insecticides into the hole. I pick my apples by hand i