o much to punctuation, and
too little to arrangement.

[2] Before meeting with Professor Bain's rule, I had shown that the
difference between the Relatives is generally observed by Shakespeare.
See "Shakespearian Grammar," paragraph 259.

[3] Sir Archibald Alison stands on a very different footing. The
extracts from this author are intended to exhibit the dangers of
verbosity and exaggeration.

[4] "English Composition and Rhetoric," p. vii.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

INDEX OF RULES 11-13

RULES 14-40

SHORT EXERCISES 41-63

CONTINUOUS EXERCISES--CLARENDON 64-70

" " BURNET 70-73

" " BUTLER 74-75

" " SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON 76-78

INDEX OF RULES.

I. CLEARNESS AND FORCE.

WORDS.

1. Use words in their proper sense.

2. Avoid exaggerations.

3. Avoid useless circumlocution and "fine writing."

4. Be careful in the use of "not ... and," "any," "but," "only," "not
... or," "that."

4 _a_. Be careful in the use of ambiguous words, _e.g._ "certain."

5. Be careful in the use of "he," "it," "they," "these," &c.

6. Report a speech in the First Person, where necessary to avoid
ambiguity.

6 _a_. Use the Third Person where the exact words of the speaker are
not intended to be given.

6 _b_. Omission of "that" in a speech in the Third Person.

7. When you use a Participle implying "when," "while," "though," or
"that," show clearly by the context what is implied.

8. When using the Relative Pronoun, use "who" or "which," if the
meaning is "and he" or "and it," "for he" or "for it." In other cases
use "that," if euphony allows. Exceptions.

9. Do not use "and which" for "which."

10. Equivalents for the Relative: (_a_) Participle or Adjective; (_b_)
Infinitive; (_c_) "Whereby," "whereto," &c.; (_d_) "If a man;" (_e_)
"And he," "and this," &c.; (_f_) "what;" (_g_) omission of Relative.

10 _a'_. Repeat the Antecedent before the Relative, where the
non-repetition causes any ambiguity. See 38.

11. Use particular for general terms. Avoid abstract Nouns.

11 _a_. Avoid Verbal Nouns where Verbs can be used.

12. Use particular persons instead of a class.

13. Use metaphor instead of literal statement.

14. Do not