holm. There the Russians had the railroad behind them, in one
direction to Warsaw, and in the other to Kiev and Odessa. Each day as
the Austrians advanced the strength of the Russian army was improving.
In the early days of September, 1914, it probably amounted to 400,000
men.

When the Austrians were within fifteen miles of Lublin they first
encountered heavy resistance. They were checked and then delayed, but
the Russians were not ready to do more than hold their antagonists. They
were waiting for developments farther to the southeast.

On August 17,1914, the Russian offensive had its definite start. General
Dankl was finding himself with the First Austrian Army; when he stopped
in his advance toward Lublin, General Russky began a powerful attack
against Von Auffenberg. Cooperating with Russky, as we have noted, and
on his left was Brussilov, the total forces of these two commanders
being at first double those with which Von Auffenberg was equipped to
oppose them. As soon, however, as Von Auffenberg became aware of the
numerical superiority of his opponents, he drew for reenforcements on
the Third, or Reserve Army, which had advanced into Poland as far as
Kielce.

The latter troops hurried to join Von Auffenberg, crossing the Vistula
by means of bridge boats at Josefow. When the issue really was joined,
the troops of the Third Austrian Army, under the Archduke Joseph
Ferdinand, were ready to act in close cooperation with those of Von
Auffenberg. Thus, in the armies on both sides there were, in all, about
1,200,000 men, with the advantage in favor of the Russians. Having this
superiority in numbers, Russky felt that he was safe in attempting to
envelop the Austrian forces on both flanks. With the larger army--the
Second--he hurled his troops at the Austrian left and center, advancing
along the railway.

On August 22, 1914, the Russians crossed the frontier and on the
following day, Russky occupied Brody, with small opposition. On the same
day, Brussilov, on his left, also crossed the frontier at Woloczysk,
which is the frontier station on the Lemberg-Odessa railway. At this
point the rolling stock used by the Russians on their own railway in
their advance was no longer available, as the gauge of the Russian and
Austrian lines differs. The Austrians had retired with their own rolling
stock in the direction of Lemberg, destroying what they did not take
away, and so the Russian advance from that point was continued wh