oad
line toward Narol. As the Russian forces between the armies at Tomaszow
had not as yet gotten as far as Tarnograd, the far left of Von
Auffenberg's troops, or those of the Archduke, which were a continuation
of Von Auffenberg's army at this point, were for a brief time almost in
touch with the fringe of Dankl's army on its way to the San. But there
was no combined and determined stand at any time. The entire army fell
back, set upon getting across the river.

It is probable that on the line from Grodek to Rawa-Russka there were
more than 1,250,000 men in the armies on both sides. The line was more
than sixty miles long, but the struggle was concentrated on certain
points and fighting elsewhere was not important. The most critical
points were at Grodek on the far south, where a position of considerable
strength was occupied by the Austrians, and at Rawa-Russka.

One advantage which accrued to the Austrians was that they occupied
positions which had been well fortified before the battle of Lemberg,
probably in anticipation of a retreat. Nature, itself, protected their
right at Grodek against a turning movement. They had excellent railway
facilities in their rear. The advantages possessed by the Russians were
those of numbers and the fact that they were encouraged by victory.

The battle had its beginning about September 8, 1914, round the position
at Grodek, where the Austrians had retreated after the capture of
Lemberg. It was on the extreme north of the line, however, that they
first began to give ground. There they were not able to make any
extended stand because the enemy, besides attacking them fiercely from
in front, began to envelop their left.

The fighting went on over a large extent of ground. At several places
large numbers of Austrian prisoners were taken. The upper part of the
Austrian line was forced steadily back, not without desperate fighting,
and finally the entire line became doubled back on itself at a sharp
angle from Rawa-Russka. Here the fighting was terrific.

Rawa-Russka was a small Galician city, inhabited chiefly by Jews. The
greater part of the town was old, but there was a modern settlement near
the railway station, the town being one of the chief railway centers in
that part of Galicia. There, two lines cross, one a branch of the main
line to Cracow, from a point near Jaroslav to the frontier at Sokal, and
the other extending northwesterly from Lemberg to the Polish frontier at
Narol