n of bisecting the Russian
line. This attack was defeated with losses.

On October 31, 1914, the Austrians defeated a mixed Russian column near
the Galician-Bukowinian frontier, north of Kuty. In middle Galicia by
that date they had occupied Russian positions northeast of Turka, near
Stryj, Sambor, east of Przemysl, and on the lower San. Several Russian
attacks around Lisko were repulsed. At Lisko, Stryj, Sambor, and other
points the Austrians took many prisoners. Near Stryj and Sambor the
Austrians blew up a Russian ammunition depot.

On November 1, 1914, the Austrians claimed that they then had interned
in Austria-Hungary, 649 Russian officers and 73,179 Russian soldiers,
not including the prisoners they had taken in the fighting in the
district northeast of Turka and south of the Stryj-Sambor line. The
fighting in this locality was renewed with greater intensity by both
sides early in the month, fortune favoring first one and then the other.
On November 2, 1914, two infantry divisions and a rifle brigade of
Russians were dislodged from a strongly intrenched position.

About this time the czar's forces began concentrating their main attack
northeast of Kielce in an effort to repeat the tactics by which they won
important victories over the Austrians in the first days of the war. It
was their plan, provided they were able to break through at this point,
to turn southward against the rear of the Austrian army in Galicia, just
as they did two months before, after the battle of Rawa-Russka.

The line of battle in the southeast now became more definitely outlined,
extending from Turka through Nadworna and Kolomea to the Russian border
just east of Czernowitz in Bukowina. The renewal of Russian attacks
followed the bringing up of a new levy of reserves.

The Russians now advanced with fair success along the whole Vistula
front. They secured Piotrkow and other places in such positions as to
suggest that the Austrians were running the risk of being cut off from
Cracow, their ultimate goal of retreat. A rear-guard defense was
attempted by the Austrians at Opatow but without success, and the
Russians took several hundred prisoners and six Maxims with a supply
train.

On the San River, where the fighting had been severe for a fortnight,
the Russians adopted the method of deliberately sapping their opponents'
trenches, precisely as a besieging force saps its way toward a fortress.
This proved a success. When the Russian sap