he Germans. Von Mackensen was rewarded
for this victory by being raised to the rank of "general oberst," which
in the German army is only one remove from field marshal.

In a measure separate battles in this Polish campaign sink, at this
time, into insignificance. For the total number of men involved, the
extent of the battle ground, the frequency of engagements which under
any other circumstances would, without any doubt, have been considered
battles of the first magnitude, stamped them at this time as "minor
actions." The fighting, however, was as furious as at any time, the
hardships as severe as anywhere, and the valor on both sides as great as
ever. Again the wonderful mobility of the German army organization was
one of the strongest features. A French critic says of the fighting in
Poland at this time that "it was the most stirring since Napoleonic
times. It forced generals to make movements and to change and improvise
plans to an extent which war history never before had registered." Dr.
Boehm, the war correspondent of the "Berliner Tageblatt," says that the
advance was so fast that the infantry frequently had no time to lay down
before firing, but had to do so standing or kneeling. Artillery most of
the time moved on to a new position after having fired only a few shots.
He also mentions the many cadavers of horses that could be seen
everywhere. Some of these, of course, were the victims of rifle or gun
fire. But more had a small round hole in their forehead where the shot
of mercy out of their own master's revolver had put them out of their
misery. For the condition of the roads was such that, chiefly on account
of the rapidity of the advance, large numbers of horses would fall down,
weakened and often with broken legs.

Among one of the minor results of the battle of Kutno, necessitating the
hurried withdrawal of the Russians, was the capture of the governor of
Warsaw, General von Korff. He was surprised in his automobile by a troop
of German cavalry toward which he was driving apparently in the belief
that they were Russians.

During this period the Russians made an attack against the Germans
between Soldau and Thorn. The left wing of this group was advancing
along the right bank of the Vistula against Thorn, but was successfully
stopped by the Germans at Lipno and thrown back in the direction of
Plock. By November 16, 1914, the Russians had lost in that sector a
total of about 5,000 prisoners with a propor