e were according to the
official German count 3,121 officers and 186,797 men in German prison
camps. By January 1, 1915, this number had increased to 3,575 and
306,294 respectively, and by the middle of February the total in round
numbers must have been at least 400,000. That this is approximately
correct is proven by the statement of the Geneva Red Cross published in
the "Journal de Geneve," which gives the total of Russian prisoners in
the hands of the Central Powers by the end of February as 769,500.
According to the same source the Russians had lost by that time in
killed 743,000 and in totally disabled 421,500, while their slightly
wounded--those who finally returned again to the active forces--reached
the huge total of 1,490,000. These figures again are for the entire
Russian forces, those fighting against German as well as
Austro-Hungarian forces. Just what proportion should be assigned to the
Russian forces fighting against the Germans is rather problematical. For
while these were fighting on a much larger front than those who had been
thrown against Galicia and the Bukowina, the latter were comparatively
much more numerous and, therefore, probably suffered proportionately
larger losses. Some of the losses also occurred in the fighting against
Turkey. However, we will be fairly safe--most likely shooting below
rather than above the mark--in estimating one-half of all these losses
as having been incurred on the Russo-German front. This, then, would
give us for the period of August 1, 1914, to February 15, 1915, the
following total Russian losses in their fighting against the German
forces: Killed, 371,500; totally disabled, 210,750; captured, 384,750, a
grand total of 967,000, or about twice as much as the German losses.

Even these figures, without any further comment, are sufficient to
indicate the terrible carnage and suffering that was inflicted on the
manhood of the countries involved. But if we consider that every man
killed, wounded or captured, after all, was only a small part of a very
large circle made up of his family--in most cases dependent on him for
support--and of his friends, even the most vivid imagination fails to
give proper expression in words of the sum total of unfathomable misery,
broken hearts, spoiled lives, and destroyed hopes that are represented
in these cold figures.

At various points in this history we have had occasion to speak of the
various generals, both Russian and German, wh