red almost wholly with the towai.
This tree has very small dark leaves.It is used for ship-
building, and is called by Englishmen the `black birch.'"

1851. Mrs. Wilson, `New Zealand,' p. 43:

"The ake . . . and towai (<i>Leiospermum racemosum</i>)
are almost equal, in point of colour, to rosewood."

1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand,' p. 132:

"Towhai, Kamahi. A large tree; trunk two to four feet in
diameter, and fifty feet high. Wood close-grained and heavy,
but rather brittle. . . . The bark is largely used for
tanning. The extract of bark is chemically allied to the gum
kino of commerce, their value being about equal."

<hw>Township</hw>, <i>n</i>. a village, a possible future town.
In the United States, the word has a definite meaning--a
district, subordinate to a county, the inhabitants having power
to regulate their local affairs; in Australia, the word has no
such definite meaning. It may be large or small, and sometimes
consists of little more than the post-office, the public-house,
and the general store or shop.

1802. D. Collins, `Account of New South Wales,' vol. ii. p. 7:

"The timber of a hundred and twenty acres was cut down . . .
a small township marked out, and a few huts built."

1861. Mrs. Meredith, `Over the Straits,' vol. ii. p. 40:

"It used to seem to me a strange colonial anomaly to call a
very small village a `township,' and a much larger one a
`town.' But the former is the term applied to the lands
reserved in various places for future towns."

1873. J. B. Stephens, `Black Gin,' p. 79:

"There's a certain township and also a town,--
(For, to ears colonial, I need not state
That the two do not always homologate)."

1888. Gilbert Parker, `Round the Compass in Australia,'
p. 439:

[Mr. Parker is a Canadian who lived four years in Australia]

"A few words of comparison here. A pub of Australia is a
tavern or hotel in Canada; a township is a village; a
stock-rider is a cow-boy; a humpy is a shanty; a warrigal or
brombie 1s a broncho or cayuse; a sundowner is a tramp; a
squatter is a rancher; and so on through an abundant list."

1892. A. Sutherland, `Elementary Geography of British
Colonies,' p. 276:

"Villages, which are always called `townships,' spring up
suddenly round a railway-station or beside some country inn."

1894. `Sydney Morning Herald' (date lost):

"A township--the suffix denotes a state of being--seems to be
a place which is not in