latter engaged to guarantee the Protestant
succession in England in favour of the house of Hanover; while Great
Britain undertook to procure for the Dutch an adequate _barrier_ on the
side of the Netherlands, consisting of the towns of Furnes, Nieuport,
Ypres, Menin, Lille, Tournai, Conde, Valenciennes, Maubeuge, Charleroi,
Namur, Halle, Damme, Dendermond and the citadel of Ghent. The treaty was
based on the same principle of securing Holland against French aggression
that had inspired that of Ryswick in 1698, by the terms of which the chief
frontier fortresses of the Netherlands were to be garrisoned by Dutch
troops. A second Barrier Treaty was signed between Great Britain and
Holland on 29th of January 1713, by which the strong places designed for
the barrier were reduced to Furnes, the fort of Knocke, Ypres, Menin,
Tournai, Mons, Charleroi and the citadel of Ghent, and certain fortresses
in the neighbourhood of that city and of Bruges; Great Britain undertaking
to obtain the right for the Dutch to garrison them from the future
sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands. Its terms were included in the treaty
of Rastatt, between the emperor and France, signed on the 7th of March
1714. A third Barrier Treaty was signed in November 1715.

See Jean Dumont, _Corps universel diplomatique_, &c. (1726-1731), vol.
viii.

BARRILI, ANTONIO GIULIO (1836- ), Italian novelist, was born at Savona, and
was educated for the legal profession, which he abandoned for journalism in
Genoa. He was a volunteer in the campaign of 1859 and served with Garibaldi
in 1866 and 1867. From 1865 (_Capitan Dodero_) onwards he published a large
number of books of fiction, which had wide popularity, his work being
commonly compared with that of Victor Cherbuliez. Some of the best of the
later ones are _Santa Cecilia_ (1866), _Come un Sogno_ (1875), and _L'Olmo
e l' Edera_ (1877). His _Raggio di Dio_ appeared in 1899. Barrili also
wrote two plays and various volumes of criticism, including _Il
rinnovamento letterario italiano_ (1890). He was elected to the Italian
chamber of deputies in 1876; and in 1889 became professor of Italian
literature at Genoa.

BARRING-OUT, a custom, formerly common in English schools, of barring the
master out of the school premises. A typical example of this practice was
at Bromfield school, Cumberland, where William Hutchinson says "it was the
custom, time out of mind, for the scholars, at Fasting's Even (the
beginning of Lent) t