pp.
566 ff. (1898).

BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893), Scottish cartographer, was born at Edinburgh
on the 25th of December 1831. His father had a cartographical establishment
there and he was educated in the work. He was subsequently assistant to the
German geographer August Petermann, until in 1856 he took up the management
of his father's firm. For this establishment, now known as the Edinburgh
Geographical Institute, Bartholomew built up a reputation unsurpassed in
Great Britain for the production of the finest cartographical work. Among
his numerous publications mention may be specially made of the series of
maps of Great Britain reduced from the Ordnance Survey to scales of 1/2 in.
and 1/4 in. to 1 m., with relief shown by contours and a systematic scale
of colours. The 1/2 in. series, which was extended (and its principles
applied to many other works) by Mr. J. G. Bartholomew, who succeeded his
father in the business, is the finest of its kind ever produced. John
Bartholomew died in London on the 29th of March 1893.

BARTHOLOMEW FAIR, a fair held in West Smithfield, London, on St
Bartholomew's Day (24th of August, O.S.) from 1133 to 1855. The charter
authorizing its holding was granted by Henry I. to his former minstrel,
Rahere, who had taken orders and had founded the priory of St Bartholomew
close by. For many centuries the fair lasted a fortnight, but in 1691 it
was shortened to four days only. In 1641 it had become so large that it
involved no less than four parishes: Christ Church, Great and Little St
Bartholomew's and St Sepulchre's. It was customary for the lord mayor of
London to open the fair formally on St Bartholomew's Eve, and on his way to
stop at Newgate where he received from the governor a cup of sack. In 1753,
owing to the change in the calendar, the fair was proclaimed on the 3rd of
September. During its earlier history the fair grew to be a vast national
market and the chief cloth sale in the kingdom. Down to 1854 it was usual
for the representative of the Merchant Taylors' Gild to proceed to the
cloth fair which formed part of Bartholomew fair, and test the measures
used for selling cloth there by the company's silver yard. The fair was
finally closed in 1855.

For a full account see Prof. H. Morley, _Memoirs of Bartholomew Fair_
(1859).

BARTIZAN (according to the _New English Dictionary_, from _bertizene_, a
Scottish corruption of "bratticing" or "brattishing," from O. Fr.
_bretesche_, and