e
game counts if five innings have been completed by each side.

_Scoring_.--The base-ball score shows, in vertical columns, (1) how many
times each player has been at bat (bases taken on balls and sacrifice-hits
not counted); (2) how many runs he has scored; (3) how many base-hits he
has made; (4) how many sacrifice-hits he has made; (5) how many opponents
he has put out; (6) how many "assists," _i.e._ times he has assisted in
putting out (_e.g._ stopping a ground ball and throwing it to first-base);
(7) the number of errors he has made, wild pitches and "passed balls,"
_i.e._ not held by the catcher, as well as balks and bases on balls, not
being counted as errors but set down under the regular columns, together
with the record of stolen bases, extra long hits, double and triple plays,
batsmen struck out by each pitcher, the number of men struck by each
pitcher with the ball, the time of the game and the name of the umpire.

Careful record is kept of the batting, fielding, pitching and base-running
averages of both professional and amateur players. To find the batting
record of a player, divide the number of hits made by the number of times
at bat. To find a fielding record, divide the number of accepted chances by
the total chances, _e.g._ A.B. put 1188 men out, and assisted sixty-four
times, while making fifteen errors; his fielding average is therefore 1252
divided by 1267, or 988, 1000 being perfect fielding.

See _Spalding's Base-ball Guide_, in Spalding's Athletic Library, published
annually; _How to Play Base-ball_, by T. H. Murnane, Spalding's Athletic
Library; _The Book of School and College Sports_, by R. H. Barbour (New
York, 1904).

(E. B.)

BASEDOW, JOHANN BERNHARD (1723-1790), German educational reformer, was born
at Hamburg on the 11th of September 1723, the son of a hairdresser. He was
educated at the Johanneum in that town, where he came under the influence
of the rationalist H. S. Reimarus (1694-1768), author of the [v.03 p.0462]
famous _Wolfenbuetteler Fragmente_, published by Lessing. In 1744 he went
to Leipzig as a student of theology, but gave himself up entirely to the
study of philosophy. This at first induced sceptical notions; a more
profound examination of the sacred writings, and of all that relates to
them, brought him back to the Christian faith, but, in his retirement, he
formed his belief after his own ideas, and it was far from orthodox. He
returned to Hamburg, and between 1749 and