paintings of various dates
from the 7th to the 11th century, in a marvellous state of preservation
(See _St Clement, Pope and Martyr, and his Basilica in Rome_, by Joseph
Mullooly, O.P., Rome, 1873.)

[Illustration: FIG. 16.--Interior of S. Clemente in Rome.]

The fullest lists of early Christian basilicas outside Rome are given in
Kraus's _Realencyklopaedie der christlichen Alterthuemer_, Freiburg i. B.,
1882, art. "Basilica," and more recently in Leclercq's _Manuel
d'archeologie chretienne_, Paris 1907, vol. i. App. i., "Essai de
Classement des Principaux Monuments." Only a few characteristic specimens
in different regions can here be noticed. In Italy, apart from Rome, the
most remarkable basilican churches are the two dedicated to S. Apollinare
at Ravenna. They are of smaller dimensions than those of Rome, but the
design and proportions are better. The cathedral of this city, a noble
basilica with double aisles, erected by Archbishop Ursus, A.D. 400
(Agincourt, pl. xxiii. No. 21), was unfortunately destroyed on the erection
of the present tasteless building. Of the two basilicas of S. Apollinare,
the earlier, S. Apollinare Nuovo, originally an Arian church erected by
Theodoric, 493-525, measuring 315 ft. in length by 115 ft. in breadth, has
a nave 51 ft. wide, separated from the single aisles by colonnades of
twenty-two pillars, supporting arches, a small prismatic block bearing a
sculptured cross intervening with very happy effect between the capital and
the arch. Below the windows a continuous band of saintly figures, male on
one side and female on the other, advancing in stately procession towards
Our Lord and the Virgin Mother respectively, affords one of the most
beautiful examples of mosaic ornamentation to be found [v.03 p.0476] in any
church (fig. 17). The design of the somewhat later and smaller church of S.
Apollinare in Classe, A.D. 538-549, measuring 216 ft. by 104 ft., is so
similar that they must have proceeded from the same architect (Agincourt,
pl lxxiii. No. 35).

[Illustration: FIG. 17.--Arches of S Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna.]

The cathedral on the island of Torcello near Venice, originally built in
the 7th century, but largely repaired c. A.D. 1000, deserves special
attention from the fact that it preserves, in a more perfect state than can
be seen elsewhere, the arrangements of the seats in the apse (fig. 18). The
bishop's throne occupies the centre of the arc, approached by a steep
flight of