stria appeared imminent, Bartolommei
organized the expedition of Tuscan volunteers to join the Piedmontese army,
spending large sums out of his own pocket for the purpose, and was also
president of the Tuscan branch of the Societa Nazionale (see under LA
FARINA and CAVOUR). He worked desperately hard conspiring for the overthrow
of the grand duke, assisted by all the liberal elements, and on the 27th of
April 1859, Florence rose as one man, the troops refused to fire on the
people, and the grand duke departed, never to return. _Sapristi! pas un
carreau casse!_ was the comment of the French minister to Tuscany on this
bloodless revolution. A provisional government was formed and Bartolommei
elected gonfaloniere. He had much opposition to encounter from those who
still believed that the retention of the grand duke as a constitutional
sovereign and member of an Italian confederation was possible. In the
summer elections were held, and on the meeting of parliament Bartolommei's
Unitarian views prevailed, the assembly voting the resolution that the
house of Lorraine had forfeited its rights and that Tuscany must be united
to Italy under King Victor Emmanuel. Bartolommei was made senator of the
Italian kingdom and received various other honours. His last years were
spent in educational and philanthropic work. He died on the 15th of June
1869, leaving a widow and two daughters.

The best biography of Bartolommei is contained in _Il Rivolgimento Toscano
e l'azione popolare_, by his daughter Matilde Gioli (Florence, 1905), but
the author attributes perhaps an undue preponderance to her father in the
Tuscan revolution, and is not quite fair towards Bettino Ricasoli (_q.v._)
and other leaders of the aristocratic party. Cf. _Lettere e documenti di B.
Ricasoli_ (Florence, 1887-1896), and D. Zanichelli's _Lettere politiche di
B. Ricasoli, U. Peruzzi, N. Corsini, e C. Ridolfi_ (Bologna, 1898).

BARTOLOMMEO DI PAGHOLO, FRA (1475-1517), the Italian historical and
portrait painter,--known also as BACCIO (short for Bartolommeo) BELLA PORTA
(because he lived near the Porta Romana) was born at Soffignano, near
Florence, in 1475, and died at Florence in 1517. He received the first
elements of his artistic education from Cosimo Roselli; and after leaving
him, devoted himself to the study of the great works of Leonardo da Vinci.
Of his early productions, which are distinguished for their grace and
beauty, the most important is the fresco of the