0. A king's counsel may
not, unless by special licence, take a brief against the crown, but such a
licence is never refused unless the crown desires his services in the case.

BARROIS, CHARLES (1851- ), French geologist, was born at Lille on the 21st
of April 1851, and educated at the college in that town, where he studied
geology under Prof. Jules Gosselet and qualified as D. es Sc. To this
master he dedicated his first comprehensive work, _Recherches sur le
terrain cretace superieur de l'Angleterre et de l'Irlande_, published in
the _Memoires de la societe geologique du Nord_ in 1876. In this essay the
palaeontological zones in the Chalk and Upper Greensand of Britain were for
the first time marked out in detail, and the results of Dr Barrois's
original researches have formed the basis of subsequent work, and have in
all leading features been confirmed. In 1876 Dr Barrois was appointed a
collaborateur to the French Geological Survey, and in 1877 professor of
geology in the university [v.03 p.0439] of Lille. In other memoirs, among
which may be mentioned those on the Cretaceous rocks of the Ardennes and of
the Basin of Oviedo, Spain; on the (Devonian) Calcaire d'Erbray; on the
Palaeozoic rocks of Brittany and of northern Spain; and on the granitic and
metamorphic rocks of Brittany, Dr Barrois has proved himself an
accomplished petrologist as well as palaeontologist and field-geologist. In
1881 he was awarded the Bigsby medal, and in 1901 the Wollaston medal by
the Geological Society of London. He was chosen member of the Institute
(Academy of Sciences) in 1904.

BARROS, JOAO DE (1496-1570), called the Portuguese Livy, may be said to
have been the first great historian of his country. Educated in the palace
of King Manoel, he early conceived the idea of writing history, and, to
prove his powers, composed, at the age of twenty, a romance of chivalry,
the _Chronicle of the Emperor Clarimundo_, in which he is said to have had
the assistance of Prince John, afterwards King John III. The latter, on
ascending the throne, gave Barros the captaincy of the fortress of St
George of Elmina, whither he proceeded in 1522, and he obtained in 1525 the
post of treasurer of the India House, which he held until 1528. The pest of
1530 drove him from Lisbon to his country house near Pombal, and there he
finished a moral dialogue, _Rhopica Pneuma_, which met with the applause of
the learned Juan Luis Vives. On his return to Lisbon in 1532 th