ground-coffee package, is put on the New York market by Lewis A.
Osborn.

1860--Marcus Mason, an American mechanical engineer in San Jose,
Costa Rica, invents the Mason pulper and cleaner.

1860--John Walker is granted a patent in England on a disk pulper
for pulping Arabian coffee.

1860--Alexius Van Gulpen begins the manufacture of a
green-coffee-grading machine at Emmerich, Germany.

1861--An import duty of four cents a pound on coffee is imposed by
the United States as a war-revenue measure.

1862--The import duty on coffee in the United States is increased
to five cents a pound.

1862--The first paper-bag factory in the United States, making bags
for loose coffee, begins operation in Brooklyn.

1862--E.J. Hyde, Philadelphia, is granted a United States patent
on a combined coffee roaster and stove, fitted with a crane on
which the roasting cylinder is revolved and swung out horizontally
from the stove.

1864--Jabez Burns, New York, is granted a United States patent on
the Burns coffee roaster, the first machine that did not have to be
moved away from the fire for discharging the roasted
coffee--marking a distinct advance in the manufacture of
coffee-roasting apparatus.

1864--James Henry Thompson. Hoboken, and John Lidgerwood,
Morristown, N.J., are granted an English patent on a coffee-hulling
machine.

1865--John Arbuckle introduces to the trade at Pittsburgh roasted
coffee in individual packages, the forerunner of the Ariosa
package.

1866--William Van Vleek Lidgerwood, American charge d'affaires, Rio
de Janeiro, is granted an English patent on a
coffee-hulling-and-cleaning machine.

1867--Jabez Burns is granted United States patents on a coffee
cooler, a coffee mixer, and a grinding mill, or granulator.

1868--Thomas Page, New York, begins the manufacture of a pull-out
coffee roaster similar to the Carter machine.

1868--Alexius Van Gulpen, in partnership with J.H. Lensing and
Theodore von Gimborn, begins the manufacture of coffee-roasting
machines at Emmerich, Germany.

1868--E.B. Manning, Middletown, Conn., patents his tea-and-coffee
pot in the United States.

1868--John Arbuckle is granted a United States patent for a
roasted-coffee coating consisting of Irish moss, isinglass,