a; Antigua, Guatemala, is granted an important
English patent on a machine for pulping coffee.

1891--John List, Black Heath, Kent, Eng., is granted an English
patent on a steam coffee urn described as an improvement on the
Napierian system.

1892--T. von Gimborn, Emmerich, Germany, is granted an English
patent on a coffee roaster employing a naked gas flame in a rotary
cylinder.

1892--The Fried. Krupp A.G. Grusonwerk, Magdeburg-Buckau, Germany,
begins the manufacture of coffee-plantation machinery.

1893--Cirilo Mingo, New Orleans, is granted a United States patent
on a process for maturing, or aging, green coffee beans by
moistening the bags.

1893--The first direct-flame gas coffee roaster in America
(Tupholme's English machine) is installed by F.T. Holmes at the
plant of the Potter-Parlin Co., New York, which places similar
machines on daily rental basis throughout the United States,
limiting leases to one firm in a city, obtaining exclusive American
rights from the Waygood, Tupholme Co., now the Grocers Engineering
& Whitmee, Ltd., London.

1893--Karel F. Hennemann, the Hague, Netherlands, is granted a
United States patent on his direct-flame gas coffee roaster.

1894--The first automatic weighing machine to weigh goods in
cartons is installed in the plant of Chase & Sanborn, Boston.

1894--Joseph M. Walsh, Philadelphia, publishes his _Coffee; Its
History, Classification and Description_.

1895--Gerritt C. Otten and Karel F. Henneman, the Hague,
Netherlands, are granted a United States patent on a coffee
roaster.

1895--Adolph Kraut introduces German-made double (grease-proof
lined) paper bags for coffee in America.

1895--Marcus Mason, assignor to Marcus Mason & Co., New York, is
granted United States patents on machines for pulping and polishing
coffee.

1895--Thomas M. Royal, Philadelphia, is the first to manufacture in
the United States a fancy duplex-lined paper bag.

1895--Edelestan Jardin publishes in Paris a work on coffee,
entitled _Le Cafeier et le Cafe_.

1895--The Electric Scale Co., Quincy, Mass., begins the manufacture
of pneumatic weighing machines; business continued by the Pneumatic
Scale Corp., Ltd., Norfolk Downs, Mass.

1896--Natural gas is first used in the United States as